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. 2021 May 28;13:679688. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.679688

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Waves of autoimmunomic changes with age. (A) Changes in autoantibody expression during aging in 155 healthy subjects. Within each window, p-values plotted in a log10 scale were estimated by DE-SWAN with age and sex as covariates and then adjusted using the Benjamini–Hochberg method. (B) Number of autoantibodies differentially expressed (Padjusted < 0.05) during aging in ESPD patients identified by DE-SWAN. Three waves peaking at the age of 30 (red line), 50 (blue line), and 62 (green line) years, respectively, were identified by using DE-SWAN. (C) Overlaps among aging-associated autoantibodies identified by DE-SWAN at the age of 30, 50, and 62 years (Padjusted < 0.05). (D) Top 10 significanlty changed autoantibodies identified by DE-SWAN at the age of 30, 50, and 62 years, respectively. Blue and yellow colors represent local increase and decrease, respectively (*Padjusted < 0.05, **Padjusted < 0.01, and ***Padjusted < 0.001). (E) Visualization of pathways significantly enriched for aging-associated autoantibodies identified by linear modeling (LmAge) and DE-SWAN at the age of 30, 50, and 62 years. p-values were calculated by DAVID server using Fisher's test and adjusted using the Benjamini–Hochberg method. Autoantibodies upregulated and downregulated were analyzed separately. Gene ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathways are shown, and the top 10 significant pathways per condition are represented.