Table 2.
Study characteristics.
| Study | Sample N | Self- compassion | Suicide or NSSI outcomes | Participants | Mean age (SD) | Female % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suicidal behaviors | ||||||
| Collett et al. (2016) | 42 | SCS | BSS | Clinical participants with persecutory delusions, non-clinical participants | Clinical group 45.6 (12.1) Non-clinical group 41.9 (12.2) |
52% |
| Hasking et al. (2019) | 415 | SCS-SF | Month ideation “In the last 12 months have you thought about ending your life?” Lifetime ideation “Have you ever thought about ending your life?” |
College students | 20.99 (5.33) | 76% |
| Hatchel et al. (2019) | 934 | SCS-SF | Suicide ideation “During the past 30 days, have you seriously thought about killing yourself?” Suicide behavior “During the past 12 months, have you attempted to kill yourself?” |
LGBTQ high school students | 15.91 (1.18) | 70% |
| Hirsch et al. (2019) | 338 | SCS | SBQ-R | College students | 21.8 (5.3) | 67% |
| Kelley et al. (2019) | 189 | SCS-SF | Subscale of IDAS | Veterans | 43.14 (12.23) | 5% |
| LoParo et al. (2018) | 146 | SCS | BSS | African American who had attempted suicide | 42.4 (n/r) | 53% |
| Rabon et al. (2018) | 365 | SCS-SF | SBQ-R | College students | 21.44 (5.16) | 66% |
| Rabon et al. (2019) | 541 | SCS-SF | SBQ-R | Veterans | 49.9 (16.78) | 31% |
| Sun et al. (2020) | 520 | SCS | Suicide ideation “Have you thought about suicide in the past 12 months?” Suicide Attempt “Have you attempted suicide in the past 12 months?” |
Chinese adolescents | 12.96 (2.33) | 43% |
| Umphrey et al. (2020) | 481 | SCS-SF | CHRT | College students | 29 (n/r) | 71% |
| Vigna et al. (2020) | SI = 1,639 SA = 1,641 | SCS-SF | Suicide ideation “Have you thought about suicide in the past 12 months?” Suicide Attempt “Have you attempted suicide in the past 12 months?” |
Adolescents | n/r | 58% |
| Zeifman et al. (2019) | 130 | SCS | SBQ-R | College students | 21.04 (6.30) | 83% |
| Zhang et al. (2019) | 248 | SCS | BSS | African American undergraduate students | 37.26 (11.95) | 56% |
| Non-suicidal self-injury | ||||||
| Forkus et al. (2019) | 203 | SCS-SF | DSH | Veterans | 35.08 (n/r) | 23% |
| Hasking et al. (2019) | 415 | SCS-SF | ISAS | College students | 20.99 (5.33) | 76% |
| Kaniuka et al. (2019) | 338 | SCS | SHI | College students | 21.81 (5.33) | 67% |
| Nagy (2017) | 72 | SCS | ISAS | College students with a history of NSSI | 19.37 (2.12) | n/r* |
| Vigna et al. (2020) | 1,640 | SCS-SF | “During the past 12 months, how many times did you do something to hurt yourself on purpose, without wanting to die, such as cutting or burning?” | Adolescents | n/r | 58% |
| Wu et al. (2019) | 813 | SCS |
Asking frequency of 12 NSSI behaviors “In the past 6 months, have you engaged in the following behaviors to deliberately harm yourself, but without suicidal intent?” |
Chinese adolescents | 13.15 (1.10) | 43% |
| Xavier et al. (2016) | 643 | SCS | RTSHIA | Adolescents | 15.24 (1.64) | 52% |
BSS, Beck Scale for Suicide ideation (Beck and Steer, 1993); CHRT, Concise Health Risk Tracking Scale (Trivedi et al., 2011); DSH, Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (Gratz, 2001); IDAS, Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Suicide Scale (Watson et al., 2007); ISAS, Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury (Klonsky and Olino, 2008); RTSHIA, Risk-Taking and Self-Harm Inventory for Adolescents (Vrouva et al., 2010); SBQ-R, Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire—Revised (Osman et al., 2001); SCS, Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003); SCS-SF, Self-Compassion Scale—Short Form (Raes et al., 2011); SHI, Self-Harm Inventory (Sansone et al., 1998).
No information on gender ratio for the participants with a history of NSSI (n = 72); n/r = not reported.