Table 1. Baseline clinical characteristics of the study cohort.

Items	Nutcracker (n=58)	Controls (n=97)	P
Female (%)	29 (50.0)	43 (44.3)	0.365
Age, years	11.0 (10.0, 13.0)	11.0 (10.0, 13.0)	0.651
BMI (kg/m2)	17.0±2.7	18.1±3.0	0.020
Hematuria (%)	32 (55.2)	12 (12.4)	<0.001
Urinary protein (g/day)	0.3 (0.2, 0.5)	0.2 (0.1, 0.3)	0.001
Orthostatic proteinuria (%)	39 (67.2)	4 (4.1)	<0.001
Left flank pain (%)	9 (15.5)	2 (2.1)	<0.001
Abdominal pain (%)	11 (19.0)	5 (5.2)	<0.001

BMI, body mass index.