Table 5.
Summary of associations between PA and mental health (well-being & ill-being) (n = 18).
| Correlates | Related to PA | Unrelated to PA | Summary Code | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bibliography no. | Assoc. (-/+) |
Bibliography no. | % of studies | Assoc. (-/+/?/0) |
|
| Psychological well-being: | 13/19= 68% |
++ | |||
| Enjoyment | 6, 11, 17 | + | 9(1) | 3/4 = 75% | ++ |
| Self-perception | 7, 13(2), 14(1), 14(2) | 1(1), 1(2), 9(2), 10, 13(1) | 4/9 = 44% | ?? | |
| Self-worth | 7, 13(2) | + | 13(1) | 2/3 = 67% | ++ |
| Self-efficacy | 1(1), 1(2), 9(2) | 0/3 = 0% | 00 | ||
| Self-esteem | 10 | 0/1 = 0% | 0 | ||
| Self-competence | 14(1), 14(2) | 2/2 = 100% | + | ||
| Mental wellness | 2(1), 5, 12(1)a1, b1, 12(2) | + | 4/4 = 100% | ++ | |
| Mental well-being | 2(1) | 1/1 = 100% | + | ||
| Emotional well-being | 5, 12(2) | + | 2/2 = 100% | + | |
| Psychological and general well-being | 12(1) | + | 1/1 = 100% | + | |
| Quality of life | 18(1), 18(2) | + | 2/2 = 100% | + | |
| Psychological ill-being: | 9/16= 56% |
?? | |||
| Anxiety | 3(1), 2(2), 16(1) | – | 3(2), 15(1) | 3/5 = 60% | – |
| Depression | 4(1), 16(2), 2(3), 3(3) | – | 4(2), 3(4), 15(2) | 4/7 = 57% | ?? |
| Fatigue (Total) | 8(1)a2, b1 | – | 1/1 = 100% | – | |
| General fatigue | 8(2) | 0/1 = 0% | 0 | ||
| Sleep and rest fatigue | 8(3) | – | 1/1 = 100% | – | |
| Cognitive fatigue | 8(4) | 0/1 = 0% | 0 | ||
| Overall Mental Health | 22/35 = 63% | ||||
Note: 1(1): result of barrier efficacy; 1(2): result of task efficacy; 2(1): result of mental well-being; 2(2): result of anxiety; 2(3): result of depression; 3(1): anxiety result from parent-report; 3(2): depression result from parent-report; ; 3(3): anxiety result from self-report; 3(4): depression result from self-report; 4(1): within-person result of depression; 4(2): between-person result of depression; 8(1): result of total fatigue; 8(2): result of general fatigue; 8(3): result of sleep and rest fatigue; 8(4): result of cognitive fatigue; 9(1): result of physical activity enjoyment; 9(2): result of barrier self-efficacy; 12(1): result of psychological and emotional well-being; 12(2): result of emotional well-being; 13(1): result of global self-worth; 13(2): result of exercise self-worth; 14(1): result of job competence; 14(2): result of exercise competence;15(1): result of anxiety; 15(2): result of depression; 16(1): result of anxiety; 16(2): result of depression; 18(1): results of MAPPING CHU9D; 18(2): results of KS9; a1: male > female; a2: male < female; b1: younger > older; b2: younger < older; +: positive association; -: negative association; ?: inconsistent association; 0: no association.