Table 3.
Predictors of diabetes distress, diabetes burnout and depressive symptoms
| Effecta,b | P-Value | OR | CI95% |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes distress (dependent variable: T1DDS scale) | |||
| Difficulties to pay for very basic items | 0.0182 | 1.633* | 1.078–2.473 |
| Difficulties accessing diabetes care | 0.0032 | 1.583* | 1.116–2.245 |
| Diabetes hospitalization or emergency department visit | 0.0004 | 3.008* | 1.546–5.856 |
| Not following COVID-19 precaution recommendations | 0.0005 | 5.618* | 2.145–14.706 |
| Agec | < 0.0001 | 1.031* | 1.013–1.048 |
| HbA1c | < 0.0001 | 1.285* | 1.129–1.461 |
| TiRc | 0.0002 | 1.016* | 1.008–1.025 |
| Depressive symptoms (dependent variable: PHQ-8 scale) | |||
| Difficulties accessing healthy food | 0.0190 | 1.395** | 1.052–1.850 |
| Diabetes self-care benn affected by pandemic | < 0.0001 | 1.704** | 1.278–2.271 |
| Avoiding approaching diabetes facilities due to fear | 0.0458 | 1.335** | 1.005–1.774 |
| Agec | < 0.0001 | 1.025** | 1.011–1.040 |
| HbA1c | < 0.0001 | 1.267** | 1.122–1.431 |
| TiRc | 0.0002 | 1.013** | 1.006–1.020 |
| Gender (ref = male) | 0.0008 | 1.835** | 1.266–2.660 |
| Marital status (ref = married) | 0.0145 | 1.473** | 1.095–1.976 |
| Education (ref = graduate) | |||
| High school | 0.0756 | 1.395** | 0.912–2.133 |
| Associate | 0.0008 | 2.738** | 1.586–4.726 |
| Bachelor | 0.2035 | 1.149** | 0.825–1.600 |
| Effecta,b | Beta (CI 95%) | p-value | r-partial | r-model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes burnout (dependent variable: diabetes burnout scale) | ||||
| Difficulties accessing healthy food | 0.079 (0.009; 0.149) | 0.0280 | 0.0028 | 0.3839 |
| Difficulties accessing diabetes care | 0.084 (0.010; 0.158) | 0.0268 | 0.0045 | 0.3772 |
| Diabetes self-care benn affected by pandemic | 0.107 (0.033; 0.181) | 0.0048 | 0.0090 | 0.3727 |
| Avoiding approaching diabetes facilities due to fear | 0.078 (0.007; 0.148) | 0.0321 | 0.0024 | 0.3863 |
| Agec | − 0.008 (− 0.011; − 0.005) | < 0.0001 | 0.0264 | 0.3637 |
| HbA1c | 0.130 (0.101; 0.159) | < 0.0001 | 0.0476 | 0.3372 |
| TiRc | − 0.011 (− 0.012; − 0.009) | < 0.0001 | 0.1911 | 0.2896 |
| Gender (ref = male) | 0.107 (0.022; 0.191) | 0.0133 | 0.0039 | 0.3811 |
aControlled analysis by the participant's country of origin and the questions in the COVID questionnaire referring to the moment before the start of the pandemic
bVariables tested in the model: sociodemographic characteristics, TIR, HbA1C and COVID questionnaire referring to the current moment of the pandemic
cVariables inversely associated
*Odds ratio for high distress (reference level: no/little/moderate)
**Odds ratio for moderate severe and severe depressive symptoms (reference level: no/mild)