Table 3.

Univariate analyses of prognostic factors associated with overall survival in 367 cholangiocarcinoma patients.

Variables	Median OS (95% CI)	p-value
CS infection
Yes	12.7 (7.56–17.84)	0.141
No	15.7 (13.46–17.95)
Age (years)
<64	15.1 (12.18–18.04)	0.580
≥64	15.3 (12.35–18.31)
Sex
Male	15.5 (11.47–19.59)	0.303
Female	13.8 (10.26–17.27)
Diabetes mellitus
Yes	14.9 (11.69–18.24)	0.883
No	15.5 (12.93–18.00)
Hepatolithiasis
Yes	8.07 (4.79–11.34)	0.445
No	15.53 (1,301–18.06)
Tumor location
Intrahepatic	8.1 (6.41–9.72)	<0.001
Perihilar	16.4 (12.77–19.9)
Distal bile duct	21.4 (12.25–30.56)
CEA**
≤ 5 ng/ml	19.9 (16.51–23.42)	<0.001
>5 ng/ml	5.6 (2.54–8.59)
CA 19-9
≤ 37 U/ml	26.9 (14.19–39.61)	<0.001
>37 U/ml	12.8 (10.54–15.16)
Total bilirubin
≤ 10 mg/dL	15.9 (13.12–18.75)	<0.013
>10 mg/dL	12.5 (7.86–17.21)
Treatment intent
Curative intent (R0, R1 resection)	36.2 (28.51–43.82)	<0.001
Palliative treatment*	7.4 (5.88–8.86)
Cancer stage by AJCC, 7th ed.
I (I, IA, IB)	65.4 (23.30–107.47)	<0.001
II (II, IIA, IIB)	25.4 (13.04–37.76)
III (III, IIIA, IIIB)	15.2 (11.71–18.62)
IV (IV, IVA, IVB)	7.3 (5.98–8.56)
Tumor differentiation***
Well/moderate	32.6 (22.17–43.09)	<0.001
Poorly/unknown	12.7 (9.90–15.56)

OS, overall survival; CS, Clonorchis sinensis; CCA, cholangiocarcinoma; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CA 19-9, Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer.

^*Palliative treatment included R2 resection, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or only supportive care.

^**CEA data were available for 250 patients.

^***Tumor differentiation was evaluated in 215 patients in whom pathologic analysis was performed.