Table 4.
Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards M = model in cholangiocarcinoma patients.
| Variables | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| Tumor location | 0.010 | |
| Intrahepatic | 1 | |
| Perihilar | 1.088 (0.751–1.577) | |
| Distal | 1.957 (1.212–3.162) | |
| CEA** | <0.001 | |
| ≤ 5 ng/ml | 1 | |
| >5 ng/ml | 2.351 (1.622–3.407) | |
| Treatment for cancer | <0.001 | |
| Curative intent (R0, R1 resection) | 1 | |
| Palliative treatment* | 2.940 (2.026–4.268) | |
| Cancer stage by AJCC, 7th ed. | <0.001 | |
| I (I, IA, IB) | 1 | |
| II (II, IIA, IIB) | 2.317 (1.258–4.268) | |
| III (III, IIIA, IIIB) | 2.481 (1.539–3.999) | |
| IV (IV, IVA, IVB) | 4.766 (2.725–8.335) |
OS, overall survival; CS, Clonorchis sinensis; CCA, cholangiocarcinoma; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer.
*
Palliative treatment included R2 resection, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or only supportive care.
**
CEA data were available for 250 patients.