Apoptosis and autophagy induced by compound 3K in SK-OV-3 cells. (A) Cells were treated with vehicle control or compound 3K (1, 2.5, or 5 µM) for 24 h. After treatment, the cells were stained with PI and FITC-conjugated Annexin V for flow cytometric analysis. (B) Cells were treated with vehicle control or compound 3K (1, 2.5, or 5 µM) for 24 h and the expression level of pro-apoptotic proteins was analyzed by western blotting. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was calculated and expressed as a graph. (C) Effect of compound 3K on nuclear morphological changes determined by DAPI nuclear staining. Photographs were obtained using a confocal K1-fluo microscope (Nanoscope Systems, Daejeon, Korea) (Magnification ×400 and ×600). (D) Representative micrographs of acridine orange staining of SK-OV-3 cells following treatment with compound 3K (Magnification× 400). (E) Western blot analysis shows the protein levels of autophagy markers in SK-OV-3 treated with compound 3K (1, 2.5, or 5 µM) for 24 h. The values represent the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01.