Table 1.

Equations for rates u and v, initial population m₁ and crumble c for two successive doublings.

event	observed	expected number
t1	pairs	cm1u(1 + v)2
t2	pairs	m1(1 + u)v
t1	singletons	cm1(1 − u)
t2	singletons	m1(1 + u)(1 − v)