Table 2.
Comparison of mean symptom scores at baseline and follow-up (paired-sample t test with effect size; n=125).
| Symptom severity | Baseline, mean (SD) | Follow-up, mean (SD) | t test (df) | P value | Correlation | Cohen d | Effect size | |||||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|
d | SE |
|
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| Symptoms of anxiety (GADa-7 scores) | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Clinically significant symptomsb | 14.1 (3.5) | 6.9 (4.2) | 11.6 (56) | <.001c | 0.3 | 1.9 | 0.3 | Large | |||||||||
|
|
Mild symptomsd | 7.3 (1.5) | 5.6 (4.3) | 2.3 (36) | .03c | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.2 | Medium | |||||||||
|
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Moderate symptomse | 13.5 (3.1) | 6.5 (3.7) | 11.2 (51) | <.001 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 0.3 | Large | |||||||||
|
|
Severe symptomsf | 20.2 (0.4) | 11.0 (6.9) | 3.0 (4) | .04c | 0.5 | 1.4 | 0.6 | Large | |||||||||
| Symptoms of depression (PHQ-9g scores) | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Clinically significant symptoms | 14.0 (3.6) | 8.5 (5.0) | 7.8 (61) | <.001 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 0.2 | Large | |||||||||
|
|
Mild symptoms | 7.1 (1.3) | 4.8 (3.1) | 4.8 (42) | <.001 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.2 | Large | |||||||||
|
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Moderate symptoms | 13.2 (2.4) | 8.1 (4.6) | 7.6 (56) | <.001 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 0.3 | Large | |||||||||
|
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Severe symptoms | 23.0 (2.3) | 12.4 (7.8) | 2.6 (4) | .06 | −0.5 | 2.0 | 1.4 | Large | |||||||||
| Symptoms of anxiety and depression (GAD-7+PHQ-9 scores) | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Clinically significant symptomsh | 27.2 (5.7) | 15.4 (7.7) | 10.7 (60) | <.001 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 0.3 | Large | |||||||||
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Mild symptomsi | 14.5 (2.7) | 10.0 (9.2) | 3.1 (38) | <.001 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.2 | Medium | |||||||||
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Moderate symptomsj | 26.7 (5.1) | 15.0 (7.0) | 10.8 (58) | <.001 | 0.1 | 1.9 | 0.3 | Large | |||||||||
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Severe symptomsk | 41.5 (0.7) | 28.0 (19.8) | 0.9 (1) | .53 | −1.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | Small | |||||||||
aGAD: generalized anxiety disorder.
bGeneralized Anxiety Disorder-7/Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥10.
cP<.05.
dPatient Health Questionnaire-9/Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 score 5-9.
ePatient Health Questionnaire-9/Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 score 10-19.
fPatient Health Questionnaire-9/Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 score ≥20.
gPHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9.
hPatient Health Questionnaire-9+Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 score ≥20.
iPatient Health Questionnaire-9+Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 10-19.
jPatient Health Questionnaire-9+Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 20-39.
kPatient Health Questionnaire-9+Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 score ≥40.