Table 3.
Changes in sleep outcomes for study participants between 2013 and 2016, by proximity to neighborhood investment
| Intervention (proximity to investment < 0.1 mile) (N = 82)a | Comparison (proximity to investment 0.1 mile or more) (N = 391)a | Difference-in-difference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline mean (95% CI) | Post - Pre (95% CI) | Baseline mean (95% CI) | Post - Pre (95% CI) | Intervention change - Comparison change (95% CI) | |
| Sleep duration, minutes | 343.98 (330.45, 357.51) | 7.26 (−2.71, 17.23) | 343.65 (335.53, 351.76) | −11.05 (−19.93, −2.17)* | 18.31 (4.96, 31.66)** |
| Sleep efficiency | 76.90 (75.04, 78.75) | −1.83 (−3.40, −0.27)* | 78.83 (77.65, 80.02) | −5.65 (−7.04, −4.25)*** | 3.82 (1.72, 5.91)*** |
| Wakefulness after sleep onset, minutes | 106.20 (95.80, 116.61) | −2.20 (−12.51, 8.11) | 84.01 (76.74, 91.28) | 25.69 (16.50, 34.87)*** | −27.88 (−41.70, −14.07)*** |
| Perceived sleep quality | 3.68 (3.56, 3.80) | 0.08 (−0.01, 0.18) | 3.73 (3.65, 3.81) | −0.05 (−0.14, 0.04) | 0.13 (0.002, 0.27)* |
All models are covariate adjusted for age, sex, income, marital status, education, any children in the household, years in the neighborhood, body mass index, and psychological distress, and are weighted using product weights (propensity score weights × attrition weights).
aSample size reported in the table are for actigraphy measures. For perceived sleep quality, collected via sleep diaries, sample sizes were 101 for the intervention group (proximity to investment < 0.1 mile) and 440 for the comparison group (proximity to investment 0.1 mile or more).
*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001 from two-sided significance testing using a t-test; statistically significant results are shown in bold font.