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. 2021 Jun 4;76:105619. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105619

Table 4.

Effect of the time in ultrasound treatment (5, 10, 15 min) in different crystallized honey in the % inhibition of positive gram bacteria.

Ultrasound Time (minutes)/Honey M1 M2 M3 MO HD
Listeria monocytogenes
0 99.0 ± 1.7a,C 82.7 ± 1.1a,A 94.2 ± 0.9a,B 84.6 ± 1.7ab,A 93.3 ± 1.6a,B
5 99.2 ± 1.5a,C 87.1 ± 1.2b,B 97.6 ± 1.1b,D 84.1 ± 1.4a,A 94.3 ± 1.8a,C
10 97.5 ± 1.5a,B 88.7 ± 1.3b,A 98.4 ± 1.3b,B 87.3 ± 1.3b,A 96.3 ± 1.9ab,B
15 97,1 ± 1.9a,B 90.3 ± 1.4bAB 98.5 ± 1.1b,C 88.1 ± 1.6b,A 98.4 ± 1.4b,C
Staphylococcus aureus
0 98.1 ± 1.8a,B 98.6 ± 1.5a,B 99.1 ± 1.7a,AB 99.5 ± 1.1a,B 77.3 ± 1.7a,A
5 97.6 ± 1.6a,B 99.0 ± 1.4aB 97.2 ± 1.4ab,B 98.1 ± 1.4a,B 77.5 ± 1.5a,A
10 97.7 ± 1.3a,BC 99.1 ± 1.6a,C 94.4 ± 1.4bc,B 98.7 ± 1.4a,C 78.4 ± 1.6a,A
15 97.1 ± 1.9a,C 98.9 ± 1.4a,C 92.5 ± 1.6cB 99.1 ± 1.3a,C 79.4 ± 1.9a,A
Bacillus subtillis
0 94.4 ± 1.5a,C 73.2 ± 1.5a,A 81.7 ± 1.2a,B 95.8 ± 2.1a,C 71.1 ± 1.8,A
5 96.8 ± 1.2ab,C 74.3 ± 1.2a,A 84.8 ± 1.1b,B 96.1 ± 1.9a,C 72.2 ± 1.9a,A
10 98.7 ± 1.2b,D 79.2 ± 1.8b,B 87.4 ± 0.9c,C 98.7 ± 1.2a,D 70.1 ± 2.2a,A
15 99.7 ± 1.1b,D 81.3 ± 2.0b,B 89.4 ± 1.2c,C 99.3 ± 1.8a,D 68.9 ± 1.8a,A

Multifloral 1 (M1), multifloral 2 (M2), multifloral (M3), monofloral (MO) and honeydew (HD). Different lowercase letters represent a significant difference (P < 0.05) within the column (among time) as determined by Tukeýs comparison of average. Different uppercase letters represent a significant difference (P < 0.05) within the row (among honeys) as determined by Tukeýs comparison of averages.