Table 1.

Effect of dietary addition of GAA as on-top treatment to nutritionally adequate diets on growth performance of broiler chickens.

Reference	n (reps)	Level of GAA	% Improvement
		in diet g/kg	BWG	FCR
Esser et al., 2018	315 (9×35)	0.8	0.0	1.0
Emami et al., 2017	90 (6×15)	0.6, 1.2	0.0, 1.6	1.3, 1.3
Borges, 2017	84 (7×12)	0.1, 0.2	0.0, 0.0	0.0, 1.6
Cordova-Noboa et al., 2018a	320 (16×20)	0.6, 0.6§	0.0, 1.1	1.0, 0.6
Cordova-Noboa et al., 2018b	200 (10×20)	0.6	2.2	2.4
Abudabos et al., 2014	20 (5×4)	0.6	0.0	4.9
Zelenka et al., 2015	840 (6×140)	0.6	1.6	4.1
Yazdia et al., 2017	75	0.6, 1.2	1.9, 1.3	1.8, 1.2
Jiang et al., 2012	60 (3×20)	0.2, 0.4	1.4, 4.4	0.0, 3.0
Majdeddin et al., 2017	240 (12×20)	0.6, 1.2	1.9, 1.5	2.7, 3.4
Ale Sahib Fosoul et al., 2018	65 (5×13)	0.6, 1.2	1.9. 6.5	4.9, 7.6
		0.6, 1.2	5.4, 3.2	4.2, 0
Lemme et al., 2011	90 (10×9)	0.6, 0.6#	2.0, 4.6	1.9, 2.6
Pradeep et al., 2016 (exp.1)	270 (9×30)	0.6	5.2	2.5
Pradeep et al., 2016 (exp.2)	90 (9×10)	0.6, 0.6#	2.0, 4.6	1.9, 2.6
Michiels et al., 2012	192 (6×32)	0.6, 1.2	2.7, 2.2	1.6, 3.3
Zhang et al., 2016 (exp.1)	108(6×18)	0.2#, 0.4#	5.1, 3.0	3.6, 3.0
Zhang et al., 2016 (exp.2)	15,000	0.6	16.0	6.0
Ringel et al., 2007	280 (7×40)	0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.3	5.0, 4.2, 7.0, 4.0	6.1, 4.6, 6.0, 6.4
He et al., 2019	108 (6×18)	0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2	10.2, 9.7, 9.8, 7.9	10.9, 9.1, 9.1, 7.3
Ahmadipour et al., 2018	60 (4×15)	0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0	8.2, 11.3, 15.3, 9.8	5.1, 10.2, 10.7, 6.6

All diets were vegetable-based except where indicated:§ Poultry By-Product # Fishmeal.