Table 3.
Effect of γ-Radiation Exposure and/or Zinc Oxide–Caffeic Acid Nanoparticles Treatment on Some Toxicity Parameters.
| Parameters | C# | ZnO-CA# | E# | E+R@ | E+ZnO-CA# | E+ZnO-CA+R@ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AST (U/L) | 429 ± 19.9 a | 438 ± 22.29 a | 1564 ± 47.89 b | 1325 ± 88.30 c | 1405 ± 6.97 c | 599 ± 11.71 d |
| % Change | 2.10 | 264.57 | 208.86 | 227.51 | 39.63 | |
| % Change* | −15.28 | −10.17 | −61.70 | |||
| ALT (U/L) | 247 ± 8.99 a | 209 ± 11.26 a d | 877 ± 32.89 b | 660 ± 6.51 c | 243 ± 6.57 a | 183 ± 5.14 d |
| % Change | −15.38 | 255.06 | 167.21 | −1.62 | 25.91 | |
| % Change* | −24.74 | −72.29 | −79.13 | |||
| Urea (mg/dL) | 27.90 ± 1.33 a b | 25.50 ± 0.91 a | 26.00 ± 0.78 a | 30.67 ± 1.26 b d | 36.50 ± 1.63 c | 33.65 ± 0.89 c d |
| % Change | −8.60 | −6.81 | 9.93 | 30.82 | 20.61 | |
| % Change* | 17.96 | 40.38 | 29.42 | |||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.52 ± 0.02 a | 0.51 ± 0.02 a | 0.5 ± 0.03 a | 0.48 ± 0.024 a | 0.47 ± 0.021 a | 0.51 ± 0.026 a |
| % Change | −1.92 | −3.85 | −7.69 | −9.62 | −1.92 | |
| % Change* | −4.00 | −6.00 | 2.00 | |||
| Hb% (g/dL) | 14.7 ± 0.38 a | 12.98 ± 0.36 b | 11.4 ± 0.37 c | 10.4 ± 0.49 c | 10.9 ± 0.34 c | 8.9 ± 0.5 d |
| % Change | −11.7 | −22.45 | −29.3 | −25.85 | −39.46 | |
| % Change* | −8.77 | −4.39 | −21.93 | |||
| RBCs (×1012/L) | 7.5 ± 0.24 a | 6.9 ± 0.24 a b | 6.3 ± 0.2 b c | 5.5 ± 0.25 d | 5.6 ± 0.26 c d | 4.6 ± 0.29 e |
| % Change | −8 | −16.0 | −26.67 | −25.33 | −38.67 | |
| % Change* | −12.7 | −11.11 | −26.98 | |||
| WBCs (×109/L) | 6.39 ± 0.40 a | 5.68 ± 0.39 a | 13.32 ± 0.29 b | 2.16 ± 0.14 c | 9.64 ± 0.10 d | 2.69 ± 0.12 c |
| % Change | −10.93 | 108.45 | −66.25 | 50.86 | −57.90 | |
| % Change* | −83.78 | −27.63 | −79.80 | |||
| PLTs (×109/L) | 370.2 ± 3.48 a | 418.5 ± 13.06 b | 479.21 ± 12. 93 c | 380.08 ± 9. 5 a | 359.3 ± 9.55 a | 300.0 ± 15.48 d |
| %Change | 12.97 | 29.44 | 2.67 | −2.94 | −18.96 | |
| %Change* | −20.69 | −25.02 | −37.40 |
Results are mean of 11-12 mice ± SE. @n = 11, and #n = 12 (one mouse out of 12 died in animals bearing solid Ehrlich (EC) tumor that were either irradiated only or co-administered ZnO-CA NPs along with gamma (γ)-irradiation). Values with dissimilar superscripts are significantly different. C: control, E: Solid EC bearing mice, R: mice exposed to 2 Gy of whole body γ-irradiation/week, for 3 consecutive weeks, and ZnO-CA: mice injected intraperitoneally with 5 mg/100 g body weight ZnO-CA NPs, every other day for 3 consecutive weeks. %Change versus C and * %Change versus E. P-value < 0.001.