Table 1. Clinical characteristics for the 31 enrolled patients.

Characteristics	Values
Age (years, )	50.0±20.4
Male (n [%])	21 (67.7)
Type of arrhythmia (n [%])
Persistent atrial fibrillation	3 (9.7)
Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation	2 (6.5)
Premature atrial complexes	2 (6.5)
Premature ventricular complexes	5 (16.1)
New York Heart Association class (n [%])
Class Ⅰ	15 (48.4)
Class Ⅱ	12 (38.7)
Class Ⅲ	4 (12.9)
Hypertension (n [%])	12 (38.7)
Coronary artery disease (n [%])	9 (29.0)
Cardiomyopathy (n [%])	3 (9.7)
Congenital valvular heart disease (n [%])	1 (3.2)