Table 1. Baseline characteristics, MRI and echocardiographic findings, laboratory data, and clinical course during admission of study subjects for atrial septal aneurysm.
| Characteristics |
Total N = 671 |
ASA | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Positive n = 92 (14%) |
Negative n = 579 (86%) |
|||
| Sociodemographic | ||||
| Age, y, mean±SD | 68.7±12.7 | 72.4±11.0 | 68.1±12.9 | 0.004 |
| Gender, male, no (%) | 450 (67) | 58 (63) | 392 (68) | 0.377 |
| Risk factors, no (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 481 (72) | 65 (71) | 416 (72) | 0.813 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 171 (25) | 15 (16) | 156 (27) | 0.030 |
| Dyslipidemia | 343 (51) | 43 (47) | 300 (52) | 0.366 |
| Cigarette smoking | 180 (27) | 20 (22) | 160 (28) | 0.236 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 249 (37) | 35 (38) | 214 (37) | 0.842 |
| Coronary artery disease | 68 (10) | 5 (5) | 63 (11) | 0.108 |
| Previous history of ischemic stroke | 122 (18) | 20 (22) | 102 (18) | 0.341 |
| NIHSS score on admission, median (IQR) | 2 (1–5) | 2 (1–5) | 2 (1–5) | 0.615 |
| Carotid stenosis on duplex ultrasonography | 33 (5) | 3 (3) | 30 (5) | 0.429 |
| MRI, no (%) | ||||
| Cortical infarction a | 533 (80) | 70 (78) | 463 (81) | 0.425 |
| Large infarction ≥ 3 cm in diameter a | 199 (30) | 28 (31) | 171 (30) | 0.842 |
| Intracranial arterial stenosis on MRA ≥ 50% area stenosis a | 72 (11) | 7 (8) | 65 (11) | 0.303 |
| Echocardiographic findings, no (%) | ||||
| Mitral regurgitation b | 357 (53) | 48 (52) | 309 (53) | 0.818 |
| Aortic regurgitation c | 206 (31) | 30 (33) | 176 (30) | 0.629 |
| Right-to-left shunt d | 311 (48) | 60 (66) | 251 (45) | ＜0.001 |
| Patent foramen ovale d | 301 (46) | 60 (66) | 241 (43) | ＜0.001 |
| Aortic arch plaques ≥ 4 mm b | 251 (37) | 34 (37) | 217 (38) | 0.914 |
| Laboratory findings, † | ||||
| Leukocyte count, ×10 9 /L | 7.3±2.7 | 6.9±2.5 | 7.3±2.7 | 0.080 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL e | 51.2±15.1 | 50.7±14.3 | 51.3±15.2 | 0.746 |
| TG, mg/dL a | 133.1±107.9 | 115.3±69.2 | 135.9±112.6 | 0.087 |
| Glucose, mg/dL a | 131.8±51.1 | 123.8±34.9 | 133.1±53.2 | 0.237 |
| BNP f | 97.9±160.8 | 61.4±68.9 | 103.7±170.2 | 0.204 |
| D-dimer, µg/mL | 2.9±16.3 | 3.3±12.5 | 2.8±16.9 | 0.219 |
| Clinical course during admission, no (%) | ||||
| Stroke recurrence | 25 (4) | 7 (8) | 18 (3) | 0.034 |
| Detection of PAF | 64 (10) | 5 (5) | 59 (10) | 0.149 |
| mRS on discharge ≥ 3 | 145 (22) | 27 (29) | 118 (20) | 0.052 |
Chi-square test, and the Mann–Whitney U test were used for comparison. ASA = atrial septal aneurysm; NIHSS = NIH Stroke scale; IQR = interquartile range; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG = triglyceride; BNP = brain natriuretic peptide; mRS = modified Rankin Scale; PAF = paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Missing values: a, n = 5; b, n = 1; c, n = 2; d, n = 20; e, n = 8; f, n = 92. Chronic kidney disease was defined as eGFR ＜60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 .