Table 3. Baseline characteristics, MRI and echocardiographic findings, laboratory data, and clinical course during admission of study subjects for in-hospital stroke recurrence.
| Characteristics |
Total N = 671 |
In-hospital stroke recurrence | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Positive n = 25 (4%) |
Negative n = 646 (96%) |
|||
| Sociodemographic | ||||
| Age, y, mean±SD | 68.7±12.7 | 65.3±13.9 | 68.9±12.7 | 0.204 |
| Gender, male, no (%) | 450 (67) | 15 (60) | 435 (67) | 0.444 |
| Risk factors, no (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 481 (72) | 20 (80) | 461 (71) | 0.347 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 171 (25) | 9 (36) | 162 (25) | 0.219 |
| Dyslipidemia | 343 (51) | 12 (48) | 331 (51) | 0.751 |
| Cigarette smoking | 180 (27) | 10 (40) | 170 (26) | 0.130 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 249 (37) | 11 (44) | 238 (37) | 0.467 |
| Coronary artery disease | 68 (10) | 4 (16) | 64 (10) | 0.322 |
| Previous history of ischemic stroke | 122 (18) | 2 (8) | 120 (19) | 0.179 |
| NIHSS score on admission, median (IQR) | 2 (1–5) | 3 (2–19) | 2 (1–5) | 0.028 |
| Carotid stenosis on duplex ultrasonography | 33 (5) | 1 (4) | 32 (5) | 0.829 |
| MRI, no (%) | ||||
| Cortical infarction a | 533 (80) | 22 (88) | 511 (80) | 0.287 |
| Large infarction ≥ 3 cm in diameter a | 199 (30) | 5 (20) | 194 (30) | 0.271 |
| Intracranial arterial stenosis on MRA ≥ 50% area stenosis a | 72 (11) | 2 (8) | 70 (11) | 0.894 |
| Echocardiographic findings, no (%) | ||||
| Mitral regurgitation b | 357 (53) | 9 (36) | 348 (54) | 0.078 |
| Aortic regurgitation c | 206 (31) | 7 (28) | 199 (31) | 0.758 |
| ASA | 92 (14) | 7 (28) | 85 (13) | 0.034 |
| RLS d | 311 (48) | 10 (42) | 301 (48) | 0.542 |
| ASA with RLS d | 60 (9) | 4 (17) | 56 (9) | 0.199 |
| ASA with RLS with large shunt d＊ | 8 (1) | 0 (0) | 8 (1) | 0.699 |
| Aortic arch plaques ≥ 4 mm b | 251 (37) | 7 (28) | 244 (38) | 0.319 |
| Laboratory findings, † | ||||
| Leukocyte count, ×10 9 /L | 7.3±2.7 | 8.1±2.7 | 7.2±2.7 | 0.062 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL e | 51.2±15.1 | 48.7±17.7 | 51.3±15.0 | 0.288 |
| TG, mg/dL a | 133.1±107.9 | 121.0±79.4 | 133.5±108.9 | 0.520 |
| Glucose, mg/dL a | 131.8±51.1 | 149.6±92.5 | 131.2±48.9 | 0.278 |
| BNP, pg/µl f | 97.9±160.8 | 78.7±89.0 | 98.7±163.2 | 0.844 |
| D-dimer, µg/mL | 2.9±16.3 | 21.7±78.2 | 2.2±5.9 | 0.087 |
Chi-square test, and the Mann–Whitney U test were used for comparison. ASA = atrial septal aneurysm; NIHSS = NIH Stroke scale; IQR = interquartile range; RLS = Right-to-left shunt; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG = triglyceride; BNP = brain natriuretic peptide. Missing values: a, n = 5; b, n = 1; c, n = 2; d, n = 20; e, n = 8; f, n = 92. ＊ = more than ≥ 26 microbubbles. Chronic kidney disease was defined as eGFR ＜60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 .