Table 3. Results of the multivariate Cox analyses for the risk factors associated with disease progression (i.e., a ≥ 30% estimated glomerular filtration rate decline or end-stage renal disease) according to age-based sub-cohort (age ＜65 years and age ≥ 65 years).
| Variables | Multivariate Analysis (Total) | Multivariate Analysis (Age ＜ 65 years) | Multivariate Analysis (Age ≥ 65 years) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | P -Value | >Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | P -Value | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | P -Value | |
| Model 1 for Max IMT | ( n = 112) | ( n = 64) | ( n = 48) | |||
| Age (1 year increase) | 0.99 (0.96–1.03) | 0.7602 | 0.92 (0.84–1.01) | 0.0905 | 1.06 (0.95–1.18) | 0.2998 |
| Men (vs. women) | 0.74 (0.35–1.56) | 0.4225 | 0.35 (0.11–1.06) | 0.0630 | 1.47 (0.44–4.86) | 0.5252 |
| eGFR (10 mL/min/1.73 m 2 increase) | 0.65 (0.54–0.79) | ＜0.0001 | 0.60 (0.44–0.79) | 0.0002 | 0.72 (0.55–0.94) | 0.0176 |
| UACR (10 mg/g Cre increase) | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | 0.0004 | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 0.0058 | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.0030 |
| Max IMT (1 mm increase) | 1.47 (1.02–2.08) | 0.0393 | 2.52 (1.48–4.22) | 0.0011 | 0.95 (0.57–1.58) | 0.8545 |
| Model 2 for Max CCA-IMT | ( n = 112) | ( n = 64) | ( n = 48) | |||
| Age (1 year increase) | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | 0.5564 | 0.98 (0.90–1.07) | 0.6024 | 1.06 (0.95–1.17) | 0.3195 |
| Men (vs. women) | 1.04 (0.52–2.11) | 0.9141 | 0.73 (0.27–1.92) | 0.5243 | 1.57 (0.50–4.92) | 0.4402 |
| eGFR (10 mL/min/1.73 m 2 increase) | 0.68 (0.56–0.81) | ＜0.0001 | 0.64 (0.48–0.84) | 0.0014 | 0.71 (0.54–0.94) | 0.0107 |
| UACR (10 mg/g Cre increase) | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 0.0003 | 1.02 (1.00–1.03) | 0.0121 | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 0.0073 |
| Max CCA-IMT (1 mm increase) | 1.02 (0.59–1.59) | 0.9281 | 0.96 (0.31–2.50) | 0.9410 | 0.84 (0.43–1.66) | 0.6045 |
| Model 3 for Max bulb-IMT | ( n = 88) | ( n = 48) | ( n = 40) | |||
| Age (1 year increase) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 0.9105 | 0.92 (0.82–1.04) | 0.1943 | 1.05 (0.94–1.17) | 0.3862 |
| Men (vs. women) | 0.76 (0.33–1.75) | 0.5155 | 0.26 (0.05–1.06) | 0.0599 | 1.20 (0.37–4.27) | 0.7666 |
| eGFR (10 mL/min/1.73 m 2 increase) | 0.63 (0.51–0.77) | ＜0.0001 | 0.54 (0.36–0.76) | 0.0003 | 0.72 (0.55–0.93) | 0.0125 |
| UACR (10 mg/g Cre increase) | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) | 0.0004 | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 0.0037 | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 0.0061 |
| Max bulb-IMT (1 mm increase) | 1.65 (0.99–2.56) | 0.0525 | 3.05 (1.42–5.93) | 0.0079 | 1.22 (0.61–2.32) | 0.5636 |
| Model 4 for Max ICA-IMT | ( n = 82) | ( n = 5) | ( n = 37) | |||
| Age (1 year increase) | 0.99 (0.96–1.03) | 0.6738 | 0.91 (0.81–1.01) | 0.0840 | 1.02 (0.91–1.14) | 0.7241 |
| Men (vs. women) | 0.71 (0.34–1.51) | 0.3715 | 0.47 (0.14–1.55) | 0.2139 | 0.67 (0.19–2.34) | 0.5271 |
| eGFR (10 mL/min/1.73 m 2 increase) | 0.67 (0.54–0.81) | ＜0.0001 | 0.63 (0.46–0.84) | 0.0016 | 0.73 (0.54–0.98) | 0.0369 |
| UACR (10 mg/g Cre increase) | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 0.0010 | 1.02 (1.00–1.03) | 0.0149 | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.0048 |
| Max ICA-IMT (1 mm increase) | 1.25 (0.86–1.73) | 0.2300 | 2.20 (1.18–4.15) | 0.0147 | 0.94 (0.46–1.60) | 0.8517 |
Variables of IMT, as well as age, sex, eGFR, and UACR, were included in the multivariate model. Regarding IMT in the multivariate model, we assessed four types of IMT: Model 1, Max IMT (1 mm increase); Model 2, Max CCA-IMT (1 mm increase); Model 3, Max bulb-IMT (1 mm increase); Model 4, Max ICA-IMT (1 mm increase). Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; P , calculated probability; n , number; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio; Cre, creatinine; Max IMT, maximum measurable intima-media thickness in the entire scanned common carotid arteries, carotid bulbs, and internal carotid arteries; Max CCA-IMT, maximum intima–media thickness of the common carotid artery; Max bulb-IMT, maximum intima–media thickness of the carotid bulb; Max ICA-IMT, maximum intima–media thickness of the internal carotid artery.