Table 5.

Covariates associated with presenting rhythm (multivariable model) comparing PEA and asystole with ventricular fibrillation

	Pulseless electrical activity N=736			Asystole N=1333
	OR†	95% CI	p Value	OR†	95% CI	p Value
Demographic characteristics
Age in years	1.03	1.02 to 1.04	<0.001	1.01	0.99 to 1.01	0.09
Male gender	0.70	0.57 to 0.86	0.001	0.64	0.53 to 0.77	<0.001
Race: Whites	(ref)			(ref)
Blacks	1.54	1.15 to 2.07	0.004	1.12	0.84 to 1.49	0.43
Asians	1.54	1.07 to 2.22	0.02	1.53	1.10 to 2.13	0.01
SCA characteristics
Location: Public	(ref)			(ref)
Residence	2.11	1.66 to 2.67	<0.001	3.57	2.86 to 4.46	<0.001
NH	7.29	4.52 to 11.8	<0.001	4.41	2.67 to 7.29	<0.001
Clinic	3.21	1.69 to 6.08	<0.001	0.75	0.22 to 2.56	0.65
Witnessed SCA	0.80	0.66 to 0.98	0.03	0.11	0.10 to 0.14	<0.001
Received bystander CPR	0.60	0.49 to 0.72	<0.001	0.89	0.75 to 1.05	0.17
Response time in minutes	1.05	0.99 to 1.10	0.06	1.07	1.03 to 1.12	0.001
Prior inpatient diagnoses
MI	0.82	0.61 to 1.09	0.17	0.80	0.61 to 1.04	0.09
HF	0.77	0.59 to 1.01	0.06	0.90	0.70 to 1.13	0.33
Stroke	0.65	0.46 to 0.93	0.02	0.83	0.61 to 1.12	0.22
Atrial fibrillation	0.72	0.53 to 0.98	0.04	0.62	0.47 to 0.83	0.001
Renal failure	1.58	1.01 to 2.47	0.04	1.83	1.23 to 2.74	0.003
Lung disease	1.50	1.12 to 2.00	0.006	1.35	1.02 to 1.77	0.03

^†OR from multinomial logistic regression, with VF N=2219 as the reference group.

CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; HF, heart failure; MI; myocardial infarction; NH, Nursing Home; PEA, pulseless electrical activity; (ref), reference group; SCA, sudden cardiac arrest; VF, ventricular fibrillation.