TABLE 1.
Nanomaterials for kidney targeted drug delivery.
| Target | Material | Particles | References |
| Tubules | PLGA | Mesoscale nanoparticles (MNPs) PLGA-PEG | Williams et al., 2015, 2018; Deng et al., 2019; He et al., 2020 |
| Tubules | PLGA, ceria | Ceria nanoparticles modified with triphenylphosphine (TCeria NPs) and coated with ROS-responsive organic polymer | Yu et al., 2020 |
| Tubules | Chitosan | Chitosan/siRNA nanoparticles mediated by megalin dependent endocytic pathway | Gao et al., 2014; Yang et al., 2015 |
| Tubules | Chitosan | Catechol-derived low molecular weight chitosan | Luo et al., 2019 |
| Tubules | Chitosan | Catechol-derived low molecular weight chitosan | Qiao et al., 2014; Li et al., 2017 |
| Tubules | Chitosan, PLGA | MicroRNA inhibitor- LMWC-modified PLGA nanoparticles | Geng et al., 2018 |
| Tubules | Chitosan | l-serine–modified chitosan -TK-SS31 | Liu et al., 2020 |
| Tubules | PAMAM | PAMAM dendrimer-based macromolecular conjugate of a multitargeted sunitinib analog | Dolman et al., 2012b |
| Tubules | PAMAM | l-Serine modified PAMAM dendrimers | Matsuura et al., 2018a, b; Katsumi et al., 2019 |
| Tubules | pSi | pSi NP displaying with monoclonal antibodies loaded with rapamycin | Stead et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2019 |
| Tubules | Protein | DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps) | Uchida et al., 2019 |
| Glomeruli | Liponanoparticles, peptide | Kidney-targeted rhein (RH)-loaded liponanoparticles (KLPPR) | Wang et al., 2019 |
| Glomeruli | Antibody | Human monoclonal anti-α3(IV) antibody | Bruni et al., 2017 |
| Glomeruli | Antibody | Anti-VCAM-1-rapamycin-SAINT-O-Somesthat | Visweswaran et al., 2015 |
| Glomeruli | PHMAM, peptide | PHMAM copolymer integrinαvβ3-specific cyclo-RGD | Pollinger et al., 2012 |
| Glomeruli | Gold | PEGylated gold NPs | Choi et al., 2011 |
| Glomeruli | Antibody, liposomes | Immunoliposomes coated with anti-integrinα8 monoclonal antibodies or anti-Thy-1-membrane glycoprotein (Thy1) | Scindia et al., 2008; Suana et al., 2011 |
| Glomeruli | Peptide, liposomes | PEG-modified liposome with desired size (110 nm) and octa-arginine (R8) coating | Wang et al., 2020 |
PLGA, Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); PAMAM, Polyamidoamine; pSi, porous silicon; PHMAM, Poly(N-2hydroxypropyl)meth acrylamide; PEG, polyethylene glycol; NP, nanoparticles; CaPi, calcium phosphate; LWMC, low molecular weight chitosan.