TABLE 2.

miR-29 expression in fibrotic diseases.

Tissues/diseases	Reported functions
Cardiac fibrosis	Reduced ECM fibrosis genes (COL1, COL3, FN1, elastin, SMAD2/3) Zhou et al. (2012)
	Decreased expression in cardiac hypertrophy Li et al. (2016), myocardial infarction van Rooij et al. (2008)
	Induced myocardial cell apoptosis (target gene: Mcl-2) Ye et al. (2010)
Pulmonary fibrosis	Negative association to fibrosis severity (COL3A1, COL4A1) and control TGFβ1-independent fibrosis gene expression (ADAMS, laminins, integrins) Cushing et al. (2011)
Hepatic fibrosis	Suppressed COL1, and ECM maturation Ogawa et al. (2010)
	Prevented stellate cell activation in liver fibrosis Matsumoto et al. (2016)
	Inhibited PDGF-C, IGF1 expression as an anti-fibrogenic mediator Kwiecinski et al. (2012)
Renal fibrosis	Suppressed TGFβ/Smad3 signalling (COL2A1, HIF1a, Spry1, TPM1a downregulation) Qin et al. (2011) miR-29c in urine exosomes as a predictor of early renal fibrosis in lupus nephritis Sole et al. (2015)
	miR-29b attenuated histone deacetylase 4-mediated podocyte dysfunction and renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy Gondaliya et al. (2020)
Systemic sclerosis	Targeting TGFβ-activated kinase 1 binding protein 1 to reduce TIMP1 expression in dermal fibroblasts Ciechomska et al. (2014)
	Induced apoptosis of dermal fibrosis via Bax:Bcl2 ratio Jafarinejad-Farsangi et al. (2015)
	Reduced miR-29a in bleomycin model of skin fibrosis Maurer et al. (2010)
Keloids	Prevented collagen accumulation in skin fibroblasts Zhang et al. (2016) miR-29 mimic repressed skin fibroplasia Gallant-Behm et al. (2019)