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. 2021 May 28;9:664168. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.664168

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Copyright © 2021 Chen, Tan, Hu, Liu, Peng, Li and Wu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The Ihh-PTHrp feedback loop in chondrocytes. In articular cartilage, Ihh is expressed in pre-hyertrophic chondrocytes and hyertrophic chondrocytes, it also can promote chondrocytes proliferation. Ihh stimulates the expression of PTHrP in periarticular and perichondral chondrocytes to promote chondrocytes proliferation via increasing Sox9 activity. PTHrP in turn inhibits the hypertrophy of chondrocytes via PPR, and Ihh expression is turned off. BMP and Runx2 can induce the expression of Ihh.