Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Jun 10;9:134. doi: 10.1186/s40168-021-01081-2

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 2 — Oral acetate-producing bacteria do not prevent airway inflammation in C57BL/6 mice. a Schematic representation of the OVA-inducing airway inflammation protocol and Bifidobacterium longum 5^1A (BL5^1A, Prob) or acetate administration in C57BL/6 (C57BL/6) mice. b Measurement of airway responsiveness (AHR) as assessed by Newtonian airway resistance (Rn) to increasing doses of methacholine in the OVA/saline, OVA/Prob, naive/saline, and naive/Prob groups (n = 4–5). c Levels of acetate (mmol/l) in the serum of the saline and Prob-naive groups (n = 3). ^#Acetate measurement 24 h before sensitization. d Total and differential (Eos, eosinophils; Neut, neutrophils; Mono, mononuclear) number of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF) of the OVA/saline and OVA/Prob groups (n = 4–5 mice per group). e Levels (pg/ml) of interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (INF)-γ in the BALF of the OVA/saline and OVA/Prob groups (n = 4–5 mice per group). f Total amount of OVA-specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a in the serum of the OVA/saline and OVA/Prob groups (n = 4–5). g Total and differential (Eos, eosinophils; Neut, neutrophils; Mono, mononuclear) number of cells in the BALF of the OVA/saline and OVA/acetate groups (n = 5). h Levels (pg/ml) of interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (INF)-γ in the BALF and OVA-specific IgE in the serum of the OVA/saline and OVA/acetate groups (n = 5). i PAS-stained formalin-fixed histological sections of the lungs of the OVA/saline and OVA/Prob groups; scale bar represents 50 μm (×200 magnification, one representative of at least five), relative score and proportion of PAS-positive bronchi. j PAS-stained formalin-fixed histological sections of the lungs of the OVA/saline and OVA/acetate groups; scale bar represents 50 μm (×200 magnification, one representative of at least five), relative score and proportion of PAS-positive bronchi. The results are shown as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was determined using Student’s t-test and ANOVA (with Tukey post-test) where appropriate (**p < 0.01). Data represent two independent experiments. See also Figure S1