Table 1.
Baseline patient, injury and shock characteristics.
| Characteristics | Overall (n=102) |
endotype iA (n=47, 46.1%) |
endotype iB (n=44, 43.1%) |
endotype iC (n=11, 10.8%) |
p† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Baseline patient characteritiscs | |||||
| Age, median (25th, 75th) | 46.5 (26, 56) | 44 (26, 55) | 48.5 (29, 57.5) | 43 (25, 54) | 0.48 |
| Male sex (n, %) | 67 (65.69) | 32 (68.09) | 29 (65.91) | 6 (54.55) | 0.73 |
| Race (n, %) | 0.82 | ||||
| White | 91 (89.22) | 40 (85.11) | 40 (90.91) | 11 (100) | |
| African American | 6 (5.88) | 3 (6.38) | 3 (6.82) | 0 (0) | |
| American Indian | 1 (0.98) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.27) | 0 (0) | |
| Pacific Islander | 1 (0.98) | 1 (2.13) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Asian | 2 (1.96) | 2 (4.26) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Unknown | 1 (0.98) | 1 (2.13) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Hispanic Origin (n, %) | 6 (5.88) | 3 (6.38) | 2 (4.55) | 1 (9.09) | 0.86 |
| BMI, median (25th, 75th) | 27 (24, 30) | 27 (24, 34) | 26 (24, 30) | 27 (24, 30) | 0.61 |
| Number of comorbidities (n, %) | 0.94 | ||||
| 0 | 39 (38.2) | 16 (34.0) | 19 (43.2) | 4 (36.4) | |
| 1 | 35 (34.3) | 17 (36.2) | 14 (31.9) | 4 (36.4) | |
| ≥2 | 28 (27.5) | 14 (29.8) | 11 (25) | 3 (27.3) | |
| B. Injury characteristics | |||||
| Injury mechanism (n, %) | 0.24 | ||||
| Fall | 9 (8.8) | 3 (6.4) | 4 (9.1) | 2 (18.2) | |
| Motor vehicle collision | 86 (84.3) | 42 (89.4) | 37 (84.1) | 7 (63.6) | |
| Other | 7 (6.9) | 2 (4.3) | 3 (6.8) | 2 (18.2) | |
| ISS, median (25th, 75th) | 30 (24, 41) | 27 (22, 41) | 35 (29, 43) | 24 (17, 34) | 0.001 |
| AIS Head | 3 (2, 4) | 3 (2, 3) | 3 (2, 4) | 3.5 (2, 4) | 0.69 |
| AIS Face | 2 (2, 2) | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (2, 2) | 2 (2, 2) | 0.9 |
| AIS Neck | 3 (2.5, 3) | 2.5 (2, 3) | 3 (3, 3) | 3 (3, 3) | 0.33 |
| AIS Thorax | 3 (3, 4) | 3 (3, 4) | 3 (3, 4) | 3 (2.5, 3.5) | 0.093 |
| AIS Abdomen | 3 (2, 4) | 3 (3, 4) | 3 (2, 4) | 3 (3, 4) | 0.75 |
| AIS Spine | 2 (2, 2) | 2 (2, 2) | 2 (2, 2) | 3 (2, 3) | 0.045 |
| AIS Upper Extremity | 2 (2, 2) | 2 (2, 2) | 2 (2, 3) | 2 (2, 2) | 0.46 |
| AIS Lower Extremity | 3 (3, 5) | 3 (3, 5) | 3 (3, 5) | 3 (2.5, 3) | 0.22 |
| C. Shock severity | |||||
| Lowest pre-hospital SBP, median (25th, 75th) | 88 (72, 104) | 99.5 (80, 115) | 80 (72, 93) | 70 (57, 107) | 0.007 |
| Initial ED SBP (mm Hg), median (25th, 75th) | 118 (97, 131) | 121 (104, 137) | 113 (96, 131) | 122 (97, 137) | 0.37 |
| Lowest ED SBP (mmHg), median (25th, 75th) | 85.5 (68, 101) | 89 (74, 105) | 81.5 (64, 96.5) | 88 (61, 105) | 0.42 |
| Initial ED lactate, median (25th, 75th) | 3.8 (2.6, 5.5) | 3.1 (2.5, 4.5) | 4.9 (3.1, 6.2) | 4.6 (2.4, 6.5) | 0.019 |
| Initial ED base deficit, median (25th, 75th) | −6.8 (−9, −3.4) | −4.4 (−7, 1.3) | −8.4 (−12.3, −5.9) | −6.6 (−8.5, −4.4) | <0.001 |
| Max. lactate 24 hrs, median (25th, 75th) | 4.6 (3.3, 6.3) | 4 (3.1, 4.8) | 5.4 (3.8, 8.2) | 4.9 (3.1, 6.6) | 0.005 |
| Max. base deficit 24 hrs, median (25th, 75th) | −7.3 (−11.5, −4) | −6.0 (−8.5, 0.4) | −10.3 (−14.5, −6.7) | −7.4 (−13.3, −5.3) | <0.001 |
| D. Resuscitation requirements | |||||
| PRBC (units) 24 hrs , median (25th, 75th) | 3.8 (0.9, 7.3) | 2.0 (0, 4) | 8.2 (4.1, 13.9) | 4.3 (0, 4.7) | <0.001 |
| FFP (units) 24 hrs, median (25th, 75th) | 1.4 (0, 3.44) | 0 (0, 1.29) | 4 (1.45, 7.31) | 0 (0, 1.57) | <0.001 |
| Crystalloid (L) 24 hrs, median (25th, 75th) | 8.6 (6.6, 12.5) | 6.8 (5.3, 8.7) | 10.7 (8.7, 14.4) | 8.2 (6.9, 13.5) | <0.001 |
| E. Operative interventions | |||||
| Operative procedures, median (25th, 75th) | 2 (1, 4) | 2 (1, 3) | 3 (2, 5) | 1 (1, 2) | 0.001 |
†
3-group endotype comparison.
BMI, body mass index; ISS, injury severity score; AIS, abbreviated injury score; ED, emergency department; SBP, systolic blood pressure; hrs, hours; PRBC, packed red blood cells; FFP, fresh frozen plasma.