Table 2.
Clinical outcomes by endotype.
| Outcomes | Overall (n=102) |
endotype iA (n=47, 46.08%) |
endotype iB (n=44, 43.14%) |
endotype iC (n=11, 10.78%) |
p † |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Organ failure | |||||
| Mechanically ventilated (n, %) | 89 (87.3) | 37 (78.7) | 42 (95.5) | 10 (90.9) | 0.053 |
| Ventilator-free days (28-day), median (25th, 75th) | 25 (19, 27) | 26 (23, 27) | 21 (15, 25) | 27 (25, 27) | <0.001 |
| Max. modified Marshall MOF score , median (25th, 75th) | 2 (0, 3) | 1 (0, 3) | 3 (2, 3.5) | 0 (0, 2) | <0.001 |
| Max. Denver MOF score , median (25th, 75th) | 0.5 (0, 2) | 0 (0, 2) | 2 (0, 2) | 0 (0, 0) | <0.001 |
| MOF (n, %) | 12 (11.8) | 2 (4.3) | 10 (22.8) | 0 (0) | 0.017 |
| Time to recovery1 (days), median (25th, 75th) | 7.5 (4, 25) | 6 (3, 12) | 11 (7, 29) | 4 (2, 29) | 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular recovery | 1 (1, 2) | 1 (1, 2) | 1 (1, 2) | 1 (1, 1) | 0.26 |
| Hematologic recovery | 3 (1, 6) | 2 (1, 5) | 5 (3, 7) | 1 (1, 2) | <0.001 |
| Hepatic recovery | 1 (1, 2) | 1 (1, 1) | 1 (1, 2) | 1 (1, 1) | 0.17 |
| Renal recovery | 1 (1, 2) | 1 (1, 1) | 1 (1, 3.5) | 1 (1, 1) | 0.016 |
| Respiratory recovery | 3 (1, 8) | 2 (1, 5) | 7 (2.5, 13) | 2 (1, 3) | 0.003 |
| B. Infectious/other complications | |||||
| Nosocomial infections (n, %) | 33 (32.4) | 11 (23.4) | 22 (50) | 0 (0) | 0.001 |
| # infections per patient (n, %) | 0.01 | ||||
| 0 | 69 (67.7) | 36 (76.6) | 22 (50) | 11 (100) | |
| 1 | 23 (22.6) | 8 (17) | 15 (34) | 0 (0) | |
| ≥2 | 10 (9.8) | 3 (6.4) | 7 (15.9) | 0 (0) | |
| Infection source (n, %) | |||||
| Pneumonia | 20 (19.6) | 6 (12.8) | 14 (31.8) | 0 (0) | 0.02 |
| Pseudomembranous colitis | 11 (10.8) | 5 (10.6) | 6 (13.6) | 0 (0) | 0.6 |
| UTI | 7 (6.9) | 2 (4.3) | 5 (11.4) | 0 (0) | 0.36 |
| Blood stream infection | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.6) | 0 (0) | 0.39 |
| Empyema | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| Other | 1 (1) | 1 (2.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| Deep venous thrombosis | 4 (3.9) | 2 (4.3) | 2 (4.6) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| Pulmonary embolus | 5 (4.9) | 3 (6.4) | 2 (4.6) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| Cardiac arrest | 6 (5.9) | 2 (4.3) | 4 (9.1) | 0 (0) | 0.48 |
| Rhabdomyolysis | 4 (3.9) | 1 (2.1) | 3 (6.8) | 0 (0) | 0.59 |
| Other | 15 (14.7) | 5 (10.6) | 9 (20.5) | 1 (9.1) | 0.45 |
| C. Clinical trajectory/outcomes | |||||
| Clinical trajectory (n, %) | 0.005 | ||||
| Early death | 3 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.3) | 2 (18.2) | |
| Chronic critical Illness | 13 (12.8) | 3 (6.4) | 10 (22.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Rapid recovery | 86 (84.3) | 44 (93.6) | 33 (75.0) | 9 (81.8) | |
| Hospital LOS, median (25th, 75th) | 18 (11, 24) | 17 (11, 25) | 19 (16, 27.5) | 7 (3, 13) | 0.001 |
| ICU LOS, median (25th, 75th) | 7 (4, 13) | 6 (3, 11) | 11 (7, 16) | 3 (2, 4) | <0.001 |
| Discharge disposition (n, %) | 0.049 | ||||
| “Good” Disposition | |||||
| Inpatient rehabilitation facility | 18 (17.7) | 9 (19.2) | 9 (20.5) | 0 (0) | |
| Home with services | 14 (13.7) | 7 (14.9) | 5 (13.6) | 1 (9.1) | |
| Home | 30 (29.4) | 17 (36.2) | 7 (15.9) | 6(54.6) | |
| “Poor” Disposition | |||||
| SNF | 32 (31.4) | 13 (27.7) | 17 (38.6) | 2 (18.2) | |
| LTAC/Another hospital | 3 (2.9) | 1 (2.1) | 2 (4.6) | 0 (0) | |
| Death (in-hospital) | 5 (4.9) | 0 (0) | 3 (6.8) | 2 (18.2) | |
| 28-day mortality (n, %) | 5 (4.9) | 0 (0) | 3 (6.8) | 2 (18.2) | 0.017 |
†
3-group endotype comparison.
1
Time to recovery, see definition in methods section.
MOF, multiple organ failure; UTI, urinary tract infection; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; SNF, skilled nursing facility; LTAC, long-term acute care facility.