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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 11.
Published in final edited form as: Methods Enzymol. 2019 Mar 12;621:31–51. doi: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.02.022

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Cytidine acetylation enzymes, substrates, and adapter molecules. (A) Cytidine acetylation enzymes. (B) Known substrates of TmcA and TmcAL cytidine acetylation enzymes. (C) Known tRNA substrates of Nat10/Kre33-type cytidine acetyltransferases. tRNA acetylation in eukaryotes requires an adapter protein (THUMPD1, human; Tan1, yeast). (D) Known ribosomal RNA substrates of Nat10/Kre33-type cytidine acetyltransferases. rRNA Acetylation requires short nuclear RNA (snoRNA) adapters (human helix 45, U13; yeast helix 45, snr45; yeast helix 34, snr4). Note: Identify of snoRNA guiding Human helix 34 acetylation has not yet been identified.