Table 5.
Characteristics of Intubated Patients With COVID-19 Requiring ≤3 vs >3 Sedative Agents for Ventilator Synchrony on Day 2 of Intubationa
| ≤3 Sedative Agents on Day 2 (n = 70) | >3 Sedative Agents on Day 2 (n = 16) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 62.50 (53.25-76.75) | 45.00 (41.00-53.00) | 0.002b |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29 (26.24-35.36) | 31 (28.22-36.47) | 0.03b |
| Male, No. (%) | 48 (68.57) | 9 (56.25) | 0.57 |
| Chronic pain, No. (%) | 5 (7.14) | 2 (12.50) | 0.64 |
| Substance use disorder, No. (%) | 5 (7.14) | 0 (0.00) | 0.59 |
| Baseline laboratory values | |||
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.98 (0.88-1.08) | 0.96 (0.78-1.09) | 0.75 |
| AST, U/L | 38.5 (32.5-47.5) | 29.5 (28-36) | 0.60 |
| ALT, U/L | 66 (54.75-74.5) | 56 (49-80) | 0.40 |
| ALP, U/L | 60.5 (53.75-70.25) | 59 (41-139) | 0.91 |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.55 (0.22-0.68) | 0.5 (0.2-0.7) | 0.21 |
| Ferritin, μg/L | 712.00 (408.00-1,304.00) | 1,041.00 (439.00-1,564.00) | 0.02b |
| D-dimer, ng/mL | 1,072.50 (794.00-1,705.00) | 942.00 (751.00-1,343.00) | 0.75 |
| LDH, U/L | 382.00 (330.50-501.50) | 473.50 (274.25-667.00) | 0.01b |
| CK, U/L | 159.00 (91.00-406.00) | 133.00 (81.00-396.00) | 0.78 |
| Baseline Pao2:Fio2 | 201.34 (160.00-271.75) | 155.00 (115.00-190.00) | 0.03b |
| NMBA use during study, No. (%) | 21 (30.00) | 11 (68.75) | 0.02b |
| RASS score | –3.5 (–4.25 to –2.25) | –4 (–5 to –3) | 0.83 |
| CPOT score | 0 (0.0-0.5) | 0 (0-0) | 0.32 |
Abbreviations: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; CPOT, Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool; CRP, C-reactive protein; Fio2, fraction of inspired oxygen; IQR, interquartile range; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; Pao2, arterial partial pressure of oxygen; RASS, Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale; TG, triglycerides.
aAll data presented as median (IQR) unless otherwise specified.
bStatistically significant difference per a priori definition (P < 0.05).