Table 1.
Description of Samples 1 (incidence of loneliness) and 2 (relief from loneliness)
| Sample 1: Not lonely at baseline |
Sample 2: Lonely at baseline |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N not lonely at baseline | n lonely at follow-up | Cumulative incidence of loneliness % (95% confidence interval) | N lonely at baseline | n not lonely at follow-up | Cumulative relief from loneliness % (95% confidence interval) | ||
| Total | 6766 | 817 | 12.08 (11.32 to 12.87) | 1282 | 733 | 57.18 (54.45 to 59.86) | |
| Age group (years) | |||||||
| 15–24 | 1100 | 151 | 13.73 (11.82 to 15.89) | 210 | 126 | 60.00 (53.21 to 66.43) | |
| 25–34 | 1253 | 160 | 12.77 (11.03 to 14.74) | 208 | 120 | 57.69 (50.85 to 64.25) | |
| 35–44 | 1204 | 155 | 12.87 (11.10 to 14.89) | 219 | 120 | 54.79 (48.14 to 61.29) | |
| 45–54 | 1177 | 141 | 11.98 (10.24 to 13.96) | 255 | 140 | 54.90 (48.73 to 60.92) | |
| 55–64 | 1018 | 90 | 8.84 (7.24 to 10.75) | 208 | 110 | 52.88 (46.07 to 59.60) | |
| 65–74 | 690 | 67 | 9.71 (7.71 to 12.16) | 123 | 77 | 62.60 (53.70 to 70.73) | |
| 75+ | 324 | 53 | 16.36 (12.71 to 20.80) | 59 | 40 | 67.80 (54.81 to 78.51) | |
| p(trend) | 0.001 | 0.276 | |||||
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 3195 | 352 | 11.02 (9.98 to 12.15) | 536 | 313 | 58.40 (54.16 to 62.51) | |
| Female | 3571 | 465 | 13.02 (11.96 to 14.17) | 746 | 420 | 56.30 (52.71 to 59.83) | |
| p(trend) | 0.012 | 0.455 | |||||
| Children (<15 years old) in the household | |||||||
| No | 4580 | 533 | 11.64 (10.74 to 12.60) | 922 | 526 | 57.05 (53.82 to 60.22) | |
| Yes | 2186 | 284 | 12.99 (11.65 to 14.47) | 360 | 207 | 57.50 (52.32 to 62.52) | |
| p(trend) | 0.110 | 0.884 | |||||
| Cohabitation status | |||||||
| Married or cohabiting throughout | 4341 | 416 | 9.58 (8.74 to 10.50) | 569 | 366 | 64.32 (60.29 to 68.16) | |
| Married or cohabiting, then living alone | 282 | 66 | 23.40 (18.82 to 28.71) | 83 | 38 | 45.78 (35.34 to 56.61) | |
| Living alone, then married or cohabiting | 429 | 34 | 7.93 (5.71 to 10.89) | 85 | 61 | 71.76 (61.24 to 80.35) | |
| Living alone throughout | 1714 | 301 | 17.56 (15.83 to 19.44) | 545 | 268 | 49.17 (44.98 to 53.38) | |
| p(trend) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Green space within 1600 m | |||||||
| 0–10% | 2460 | 339 | 13.78 (12.47 to 15.20) | 463 | 264 | 57.02 (52.45 to 61.47) | |
| 10–20% | 2504 | 287 | 11.46 (10.27 to 12.77) | 496 | 285 | 57.46 (53.05 to 61.75) | |
| 20–30% | 1099 | 122 | 11.10 (9.37 to 13.10) | 198 | 112 | 56.57 (49.55 to 63.32) | |
| >30% | 703 | 69 | 9.82 (7.82 to 12.25) | 125 | 72 | 57.60 (48.75 to 65.99) | |
| p(trend) | 0.007 | 0.996 | |||||
| Green space within 800 m | |||||||
| 0–10% | 3023 | 399 | 13.20 (12.04 to 14.45) | 541 | 310 | 57.30 (53.08 to 61.42) | |
| 10–20% | 1962 | 224 | 11.42 (10.08 to 12.90) | 413 | 229 | 55.45 (50.61 to 60.19) | |
| 20–30% | 988 | 108 | 10.93 (9.13 to 13.04) | 179 | 109 | 60.89 (53.53 to 67.79) | |
| >30% | 793 | 86 | 10.84 (8.86 to 13.21) | 149 | 85 | 57.05 (48.95 to 64.78) | |
| p(trend) | 0.081 | 0.678 | |||||
| Green space within 400 m | |||||||
| 0–10% | 3885 | 480 | 12.36 (11.36 to 13.43) | 722 | 407 | 56.37 (52.72 to 59.95) | |
| 10–20% | 1329 | 147 | 11.06 (9.48 to 12.86) | 273 | 160 | 58.61 (52.65 to 64.32) | |
| 20–30% | 898 | 114 | 12.69 (10.67 to 15.04) | 145 | 85 | 58.62 (50.41 to 66.38) | |
| >30% | 654 | 76 | 11.62 (9.38 to 14.31) | 142 | 81 | 57.04 (48.75 to 64.96) | |
| p(trend) | 0.567 | 0.909 | |||||