TABLE 4.
Clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 as stratified by SFI1
| Clinicopathological characteristic | All, n = 63 | Low SFI, n = 16 (25.4%) | High SFI,2n = 47 (74.6%) | P value3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0.050 | |||
| Male | 30 (47.6) | 11 (68.8) | 19 (40.4) | |
| Female | 33 (52.4) | 5 (31.3) | 28 (59.6) | |
| Age, y | 0.008 | |||
| <70 | 21 (33.3) | 1 (6.2) | 20 (42.6) | |
| ≥70 | 42 (66.7) | 15 (93.8) | 27 (57.4) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.228 | |||
| White | 59 (93.7) | 16 (100) | 43 (91.5) | |
| Other | 4 (6.3) | 0 (0) | 4 (8.5) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.002 | |||
| 25–29 | 16 (51.6) | 2 (12.5) | 14 (29.8) | |
| ≥30 | 15 (48.4) | 0 (0) | 15 (31.9) | |
| Smoking status | 0.113 | |||
| Current | 10 (15.9) | 5 (31.3) | 5 (10.6) | |
| Ex | 28 (44.4) | 7 (43.8) | 21 (44.7) | |
| Never | 25 (39.7) | 4 (25.0) | 21 (44.7) | |
| Alcohol excess Hx. | 0.171 | |||
| Yes | 11 (17.5) | 1 (6.3) | 10 (21.3) | |
| No | 52 (82.5) | 15 (93.8) | 37 (78.7) | |
| Clinical frailty | 0.146 | |||
| Yes | 45 (71.4) | 14 (87.5) | 31 (68.9) | |
| No | 16 (25.4) | 2 (12.5) | 14 (31.1) | |
| Liver disease | 0.133 | |||
| Yes | 6 (9.5) | 0 (0) | 6 (12.8) | |
| No | 57 (90.5) | 16 (100) | 41 (87.2) | |
| Hypertension | 0.832 | |||
| Yes | 34 (53.1) | 9 (56.3) | 25 (53.2) | |
| No | 29 (45.3) | 7 (43.8) | 22 (46.8) | |
| Heart failure | 0.087 | |||
| Yes | 8 (12.7) | 4 (25.0) | 4 (8.5) | |
| No | 55 (87.3) | 12 (75.0) | 43 (91.5) | |
| T2DM | 0.314 | |||
| Yes | 18 (28.1) | 3 (18.8) | 15 (31.9) | |
| No | 45 (70.3) | 13 (81.3) | 32 (68.1) | |
| Chronic renal failure | 0.014 | |||
| Yes | 11 (17.5) | 6 (37.5) | 5 (10.6) | |
| No | 52 (82.5) | 10 (62.5) | 42 (89.4) | |
| Asthma | 0.018 | |||
| Yes | 13 (20.6) | 0 (0) | 13 (27.7) | |
| No | 50 (79.4) | 16 (100) | 34 (72.3) | |
| COPD | 0.757 | |||
| Yes | 14 (22.2) | 4 (25.0) | 10 (21.3) | |
| No | 49 (77.8) | 12 (75.0) | 37 (78.7) | |
| Active cancer | 0.014 | |||
| Yes | 11 (17.5) | 6 (37.5) | 5 (10.6) | |
| No | 52 (82.5) | 10 (62.5) | 42 (89.4) | |
| CRP, mg/L | 0.498 | |||
| ≥10 | 52 (82.5) | 7 (43.8) | 15 (38.5) | |
| ≥80 | 31 (49.2) | 5 (31.3) | 10 (25.6) | |
| ≥150 | 14 (22.2) | 4 (25.0) | 14 (35.9) | |
| Albumin, g/L | 0.829 | |||
| <25 | 13 (20.6) | 3 (18.8) | 10 (21.3) | |
| ≥25 | 50 (79.4) | 13 (81.3) | 37 (78.7) | |
| NLR | 0.905 | |||
| <3 | 10 (15.6) | 2 (12.5) | 8 (17.0) | |
| 3–5 | 12 (18.8) | 3 (18.8) | 9 (19.1) | |
| >5 | 41 (64.1) | 11 (68.8) | 30 (63.8) | |
| poGPS | 0.116 | |||
| 0 | 41 (65.1) | 13 (81.3) | 28 (59.6) | |
| 1–2 | 22 (34.9) | 3 (18.8) | 19 (40.4) | |
| ITU admission | 0.746 | |||
| Yes | 3 (4.8) | 1 (6.2) | 2 (4.3) | |
| No | 60 (95.2) | 15 (93.8) | 45 (95.7) | |
| 30-dmortality | 0.093 | |||
| Yes | 11 (17.5) | 5 (31.3) | 6 (12.8) | |
| No | 52 (82.5) | 11 (68.8) | 41 (87.2) |
1Values are n (%). COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19, coronavirus disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; Hx., history; ITU, intensive therapy or care unit; NLR, neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio; poGPS, perioperative Glasgow Prognostic Score; SFI, subcutaneous fat index; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.
2
High SFI defined as >50.0 cm2/m2 for males and >42.0 cm2/m2 for females.
3
P value is from χ2 analysis.