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. 2021 May 25;15:662005. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.662005

Figure 13.

Figure 13

Language composite score against predicted left and right frontal cortical thickness measures before and after harmonizing the tissue segmentation maps. Without harmonization (columns 1 and 3) there appears to be a significant association between left or right frontal cortical thickness and language abilities, but after harmonization (columns 2 and 4) the effect of cortical thickness on language ability is rendered non-significant in both left and right frontal cortex. This demonstrates the importance of data harmonization without which pooling images from separate datasets can lead to spurious findings that are driven by differences in acquisitions rather than by true underlying effects.