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. 2021 Mar 16;186(2):891–909. doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiab111

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© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Volatiles emitted from undamaged (ctr) and Chrysomela populi-damaged (herb) P. trichocarpa leaves. Volatile profiles of control and herbivore-damaged P. trichocarpa leaves (A), and enlargements of the volatile profiles (B) measured and analyzed using GC-MS, and quantification of benzenoid volatiles (C). Means and se are shown (n = 8). 1, (E)-3-methylbutyraldoxime; 2, (E)-2-methylbutyraldoxime; 3, (Z)-2-methylbutyraldoxime; 4, 1-hexanol; 5, (Z)-3-methylbutyraldoxime; 6, α-pinene^#; 7, benzaldehyde^#; 8, sabinene; 9, β-pinene^#; 10, p-cymene; 11, limonene^#; 12, 1,8 cineole; 13, benzylalcohol^#; 14, (Z)-β-ocimene; 15, salicylaldehyde^#; 16, (E)-β-ocimene^#; 17, 2-phenylethanol^#; 18, (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene; 19, benzyl cyanide; 20, α-terpineol^#; 21, methyl salicylate^#; 22, (E)-phenylacetaldoxime; 23, salicylalcohol; 24, (Z)-phenylacetaldoxime; 25, indole; 26, 2-phenylnitroethane; IS, internal standard (nonyl acetate); 27, eugenol; 28, α-copaene; 29, calarene; 30, β-cubebene; 31, isoamyl benzoate; 32, α-amorphene; 33, (Z,E)-α-farnesene; 34, (E,E)-α-farnesene; 35, γ-cadinene; 36, δ-cadinene; 37, cis-3-hexenyl benzoate^#; 38, (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene/hexenyl benzoate; 39, cadinol; 40, benzyl benzoate^#. Compounds marked with^# were identified by comparison of retention time and mass spectrum to those of authentic standards. Other compounds were identified by database comparisons. fw, fresh weight; TIC, total ion chromatogram. Asterisks indicate statistical significance as assed by Student's t test (ST) or Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test (MW) (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001). benzaldehyde (P < 0.001, T = 36.000, MW); benzylalcohol (P < 0.001, T = 36.000, MW); salicylaldehyde (P = 0.007, T = 43.000, MW); methyl salicylate (P = 0.031, t = −2.398, ST); benzyl benzoate (P = 0.036, t = −2.315, ST).