Table 5.
a and b. Critical appraisal of clinical trials using ROBINS-I and RoB2 tools (n = 1, 3).
| Source | Aetiology | Randomization | Bias due to confounding | Bias in selection of participants into the study | Bias in classification of interventions | Bias due to deviations from intended interventions | Bias due to missing data | Bias in measurement of outcomes | Bias in selection of the reported result | Overall bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cai et al.(1) | SARS-CoV-2 | Non-randomized | low | moderate | NI | low | low | moderate | NI | Moderate risk of bias |
| Source | Aetiology | Randomization | Risk of bias arising from the randomization process | Risk of bias due to deviations from the intended interventions (effect of assignment to intervention) | Risk of bias due to deviations from the intended interventions (effect of adhering to intervention) | Missing outcome data | Risk of bias in measurement of the outcome | Risk of bias in selection of the reported result | Overall risk of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hung et al.(2) | SARS-CoV-2 | Randomized | low | some concerns | NA | low | high | low | High risk of bias |
| Wang et al.(3) | SARS-CoV-2 | Randomized | low | low | NA | low | low | low | Low risk of bias |
| Zhao(4) | SARS-CoV-1 | Randomized | some concerns | high | NA | low | high | some concerns | High risk of bias |
Abbreviations: CD: Cannot be determined, NA: Not applicable, NI: not indicated/identified, NR: Not Reported, SARS-CoV: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
References.
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2. Hung IF-N, Lung K-C, Tso EY-K, Liu R, Chung TW-H, Chu M-Y, et al. Triple combination of interferon beta-1b, lopinavir–ritonavir, and ribavirin in the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial. The Lancet. 2020.
3. Wang Y, Zhang D, Du G, Du R, Zhao J, Jin Y, et al. Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. The Lancet. 2020.
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