Table 2.

Unadjusted differences in baseline characteristics and clinical outcome between early and late TOD in patients with IEP and BS

	Iatrogenic esophageal perforation (n = 411)					p	Boerhaave’s syndrome (n = 261)					p
TOD:	≤ 12 h	> 12 h		≤ 24 h	> 24 h		≤ 12 h	> 12 h		≤ 24 h	> 24 h
Characteristics	n = 257	n = 134	p	n = 323	n = 88		n = 101	n = 149	p	n = 149	n = 117
Age, mean years (± SD)	61 (18)	59 (18)	0.197	63 (19)	58 (16)	0.042	64 (18)	59 (15)	0.022	66 (17)	58 (16)	< 0.001
Gender: male, n (%)	142 (55)	79 (59)	0.483	143 (44)	36 (41)	0.573	78 (77)	106 (71)	0.284	106 (74)	86 (74)	0.984
Location perforation, n (%)			0.232			0.057			< 0.001			< 0.001
Proximal	141 (55)	65 (49)	–	180 (56)	39 (44)	–	4 (4)	29 (20)	–	6 (4)	27 (23)	–
Distal	116 (45)	69 (51)	–	143 (44)	49 (56)	–	97 (96)	120 (81)	–	138 (96)	90 (77)	–
Initial treatment, n (%)
Surgery	111 (43)	47 (35)	0.121	141 (44)	34 (39)	0.399	66 (65)	82 (55)	0.104	93 (65)	66 (56)	0.178
Endoscopy	74 (29)	38 (28)	0.928	90 (28)	25 (28)	0.920	12 (12)	23 (15)	0.427	16 (11)	19 (16)	0.227
Conservative only	64 (25)	35 (26)	0.793	76 (24)	23 (26)	0.612	9 (9)	29 (20)	0.023	14 (10)	24 (21)	0.014
Surgery and endoscopy	8 (3)	14 (10)	0.003	16 (5)	6 (7)	0.491	13 (13)	15 (10)	0.490	20 (14)	8 (7)	0.067

Bold p-values indicate that differences between the groups were statistically significant

n number of patients, TOD time of diagnosis, h hour, SD standard deviation