Table 1.
Demographic and baseline characteristics of the study population
| Variables | Total cohort | P | Propensity score matched cohort | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RPD | OPD | RPD | OPD | |||
| N | 115 | 557 | 105 | 210 | ||
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 63 (57–68) | 64 (58–70) | 0.085 | 64 (58–58) | 62 (58–69) | 0.973 |
| Female, n (%) | 44 (38.3%) | 190 (34.1%) | 0.395 | 39 (37.1%) | 75 (35.7%) | 0.804 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 22.8 (2.8) | 22.6 (3.1) | 0.355 | 22.7 (2.7) | 22.6 (3.0) | 0.706 |
| Previous abdominal surgery, n (%) | 8 (7.0%) | 75 (13.5%) | 0.032 | 8 (7.6%) | 15 (7.1%) | 0.878 |
| TB, μmol/L, median (IQR) | 29.6 (14.4–94.7) | 64.7 (15.8–154.9) | < 0.001 | 36.3 (14.9–97.4) | 25.4 (13.6–118.2) | 0.663 |
| Biliary drainage, n (%) | 36 (31.3%) | 155 (27.8%) | 0.452 | 34 (32.4%) | 51 (24.3%) | 0.127 |
| ASA score ≥ 3, n (%) | 21 (18.3%) | 94(16.9%) | 0.720 | 19 (18.1%) | 44 (21.0%) | 0.550 |
| CA199, U/mL, median (IQR) | 144.4 (40.1–375.4) | 153.4 (46.0–505.2) | 0.264 | 144.4 (38.8–434.5) | 116.9 (26.3–404.4) | 0.631 |
| Tumor size, cm, median (IQR) | 3 (2.2–3.5) | 3.0 (2.3–3.8) | 0.278 | 3 (2.5–3.5) | 2.5 (2.0–3.6) | 0.328 |
| PV/SMV resection, n (%) | 9 (7.8%) | 53 (9.5%) | 0.569 | 9 (8.6%) | 20 (9.5%) | 0.783 |
| Year of diagnosis, n (%) | < 0.001 | 0.068 | ||||
| 2013 | 3 (2.6%) | 29 (5.2%) | 3 (2.9%) | 6 (2.9%) | ||
| 2014 | 10 (8.7%) | 111 (19.9%) | 10 (9.5%) | 14 (6.7%) | ||
| 2015 | 13 (11.3%) | 170 (30.5%) | 12 (11.4%) | 43 (20.5%) | ||
| 2016 | 36 (31.3%) | 117 (21.0%) | 36 (34.3%) | 46 (21.9%) | ||
| 2017 | 53 (46.1%) | 130 (23.3%) | 44 (41.9%) | 101 (48.1%) | ||
| Poor differentiation, n (%) | 80 (78.3%) | 418 (75.0%) | 0.465 | 80 (76.2%) | 158 (75.2%) | 0.853 |
| Tumor stage, n (%) | 0.840 | 0.388 | ||||
| T1 | 21 (18.3%) | 107 (19.2%) | 19 (18.1%) | 47 (22.4%) | ||
| T2 | 59 (51.3%) | 269 (48.3%) | 53 (50.5%) | 89 (42.4%) | ||
| T3 | 35 (30.4%) | 181 (32.5%) | 33 (31.4%) | 74 (35.2%) | ||
| Lymph node stage, n (%) | 0.115 | 0.078 | ||||
| N0 | 66 (57.4%) | 296 (53.1%) | 57 (54.3%) | 126 (60.0%) | 0.333 | |
| N1 | 44 (38.3%) | 202 (36.3%) | 43 (41.0%) | 63 (30.0%) | ||
| N2 | 5 (4.3%) | 59 (10.6%) | 5 (4.8%) | 21 (10.0%) | ||
| LVI, n (%) | 67 (58.3%) | 262 (47.0%) | 0.028 | 60 (57.1%) | 112 (53.3%) | 0.522 |
| PNI, n (%) | 85 (73.9%) | 439 (78.8%) | 0.248 | 79 (75.2%) | 156 (74.3%) | 0.855 |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy, n (%) | 56 (48.7%) | 283 (50.8%) | 0.680 | 54 (51.4%) | 108 (51.4%) | 1.000 |
OPD open pancreatoduodenectomy, RPD robotic pancreatoduodenectomy, BMI body mass index, TB total bilirubin, LVI lymphovascular invasion, PNI perineural invasion