Table 2.
Intraoperative and perioperative characteristics of the propensity score matched population
| Variables | Total cohort | P | Propensity score matched cohort | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RPD | OPD | RPD | OPD | |||
| N | 115 | 557 | 105 | 210 | ||
| Conversion, n (%) | 2 (1.7%) | – | – | 2 (1.8%) | – | – |
| Retrieved lymph nodes, median (IQR) | 11 (6–16) | 12 (7–18) | 0.150 | 11 (7–16) | 11 (6–17) | 0.622 |
| Positive lymph nodes, median (IQR) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–2) | 0.035 | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–2) | 0.975 |
| LNR, median (IQR) | 0 (0–0.09) | 0 (0–0.14) | 0.810 | 0 (0–0.1) | 0 (0–0.1) | 0.691 |
| < 0.1 | 89 (77.4%) | 375 (67.3%) | 79 (75.2%) | 153 (72.9%) | 0.082 | |
| ≥ 0.1 | 26 (22.6%) | 182 (32.7%) | 26 (24.8%) | 57 (27.1%) | 0.516 | |
| R0 resection, n (%) | 103 (89.6%) | 486 (87.3%) | 0.493 | 93 (88.6%) | 187 (89.0%) | 0.899 |
| Blood loss, mL, median (IQR) | 300 (200–500) | 300 (200–500) | 0.746 | 300 (200–550) | 300 (200–500) | 0.567 |
| Operative time, min, median (IQR) | 300 (245–360) | 300 (245–335) | 0.606 | 300 (250–360) | 300 (240–330) | 0.365 |
| POD, d, median (IQR) | 18 (14–25) | 18 (14–26) | 0.984 | 17 (14–24) | 17 (14–26) | 0.716 |
| Reoperation, n (%) | 4 (3.5%) | 17 (3.1%) | 0.811 | 4 (3.8%) | 3 (1.4%) | 0.227 |
| 30-day mortality, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (0.5%) | 0.569 | 0 (0%) | 2 (1.0%) | 0.554 |
| 90-day mortality, n (%) | 1 (0.9%) | 5 (0.9%) | 0.726 | 1 (1.0%) | 2 (1.0%) | 1.000 |
| POPF | 14 (12.2%) | 70 (12.6%) | 0.908 | 14 (13.3%) | 35 (16.7%) | 0.442 |
| Biochemical leak, n (%) | 8 (7.0%) | 35 (6.3%) | 0.788 | 8 (7.6%) | 21 (10.0%) | 0.491 |
| CR-POPF, n (%) | 6 (5.2%) | 35 (6.3%) | 0.664 | 6 (5.7%) | 14 (6.7%) | 0.744 |
| Grade B | 4 (3.5%) | 23 (4.1%) | 4 (3.8%) | 9 (4.3%) | ||
| Grade C | 2 (1.7%) | 12 (2.2%) | 2 (1.9%) | 5 (2.4%) | ||
| Biliary fistula, n (%) | 6 (5.2%) | 22 (3.9%) | 0.536 | 6 (5.7%) | 11 (5.2%) | 0.860 |
| Anastomotic fistula, n (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.4%) | 0.521 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | \ |
| PPH, n (%) | 2 (1.7%) | 15 (2.7%) | 0.554 | 2 (1.9%) | 7 (3.3%) | 0.723 |
| Infection, n (%) | 16 (13.9%) | 84 (15.1%) | 0.749 | 16 (15.2%) | 33 (15.7%) | 0.912 |
| DGE, n (%) | 4 (3.5%) | 7 (1.3%) | 0.214 | 4 (3.8%) | 2 (1.0%) | 0.098 |
| Others, n (%) | 8 (7.0%) | 25(4.5%) | 0.333 | 8 (7.6%) | 11 (5.2%) | 0.403 |
| Total, n (%) | 31 (27.0%) | 141 (25.3%) | 0.714 | 31 (29.5%) | 58 (27.6%) | 0.723 |
Others including complications such as pulmonary infection, deep venous thrombosis (DVT), liver abscess, cholangioenteric anastomotic stenosis and chyle leakage Clavien–Dindo Grade ≥ 3
OPD open pancreatoduodenectomy, RPD robotic-assisted pancreatoduodenectomy, POD postoperative days, CR-POPF clinical relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (ISGPF grade B and C), PPH post pancreatectomy hemorrhage, DGE delayed gastric emptying