. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2021 Jul 1;49(3):188–196. doi: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000251

Table 1.

Typical and atypical perivascular adipose tissue phenotype in lean, obesity and following exercise.

Adipose tissue type	Normal/lean	Obese	Exercise	References
Mesenteric PVAT	Low UCP-1/thermogenesis	Thermogenesis ↓ Leptin ↑ Adipocyte hypertrophy	Tissue volume ↓ Thermogenesis ↑	14, 17, 69, 70, 82, 85
Abdominal PVAT	medium UCP-1 thermogenesis	Thermogenesis ↓ Leptin ↑ Adipocyte hypertrophy	Tissue volume ↓ Thermogenesis ↑	14, 86–88
Thoracic PVAT	High UCP1/thermogenesis Protective	Thermogenesis ↓ Leptin ↑ Adipocyte hypertrophy	Tissue volume ↓ Thermogenesis ↑ Inflammation ↓	4, 6, 14, 18, 86, 88
Pericardial adipose tissue	High UCP-1/thermogenesis Protective low inflammation	Thermogenesis High inflammation Leptin ↑ Adipocyte hypertrophy/hyperplasia?	Tissue volume ↓ Thermogenesis? Inflammation?	29, 32, 33, 89
Epicardial adipose tissue	UCP-1 expression High thermogenesis Protective low inflammation	Thermogenesis ↓ Function: lipid uptake/ less protective Leptin ↑ Adipose hyperplasia	Tissue volume ↓ Thermogenesis ↑ Inflammation ↓	28, 30, 31, 84, 90–93