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. 2021 Jun 11;12:3570. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23632-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Schematic drawing of the tunable fiber-based microcavity. The fiber mirror can be moved in 3D, allowing us to set the length of the cavity and locate a nanoparticle inside the cavity. b Map of scattering loss introduced by a single nanoparticle when scanning the cavity mode across it. c Measurement of the inhomogeneous line of the ⁴I_15/2–⁴I_13/2 transition. The solid line is a Gaussian fit, yielding a full-width-half-maximum linewidth of 15(2) GHz (error bars represent one standard deviation). d The optical setup is described in more detail in the SI. In summary, a 1535-nm laser is used to excite the ions and a 790-nm laser to stabilize the length of the cavity. The two lasers are combined using a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM). A set of acousto-optic modulators (AOM) are used to create pulses from the CW excitation laser, to route the excitation light to the cavity and the cavity photons to the detector, and to suppress the excitation light to the single-photon detector (SPD) by 60 dB (InGaAs, detection efficiency 10%) during excitation. DM is a 780/1535 nm dichroic mirror, PD are continuous avalanche photo-diodes (APD) for cavity length stabilization and transmission monitoring.