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. 2021 Jun 11;11:12348. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91622-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cell apoptosis in the hippocampus of rats 6 h after 2.856 GHz and 1.5 GHz microwave exposures, as detected by TUNEL staining. (A–D) Hippocampi of the C group, S group, L group and SL group (TUNEL, scale bar = 50 μm). (E) IOD changes in the hippocampus. Compared to the C group, **p < 0.01. Compared to the cumulative group, ^•p < 0.05. ^ΔΔp < 0.01 indicates the existence of interaction effects between the 2.856 GHz and 1.5 GHz microwaves. “C” stands for the control group, “S” stands for the 2.856 GHz microwave exposure group, “L” stands for the 1.5 GHz microwave exposure group, and “SL” stands for the 2.856 and 1.5 GHz cumulative exposure group. The data are presented as the means ± SDs.