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. 2021 Jun 11;12:3554. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23267-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — PCR-confirmed COVID-19 and PCR−/IgG+ SARI patients were combined (n = 41) into one COVID-19 patient group. Only cytokines that showed differential responses between patients with healthy controls were included in the analysis. a Cytokine concentrations between HIV-infected and uninfected COVID-19 patients in nasal lining fluid. b Cytokine concentrations between HIV-infected and uninfected COVID-19 patients in serum. The horizontal bars represent the median (blue line) and interquartile range (IQR) (black lines). Data were analysed using Kruskal–Wallis test (HIV−, n = 20; HIV+, n = 10). COVID-19 coronavirus disease of 2019, PCR polymerase chain reaction, SARI severe acute respiratory infection. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.