Table 1.
Summary population statistics of Phytophthora infestans populations from historic global outbreaks sorted by continent and genotype from herbarium specimens.
| Populationa | N | MLG | eMLG(SE)c | H | G | λ | Evenness | Hexp | Iad | d | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africa | Genotype | ||||||||||
| FAM-1 | 5 | 5 | 5.00 | 1.61 | 5.0 | 1 | 1.000 | 0.437 | 0.936 | 0.1759 | |
| US-1 | 13 | 13 | 10(7.3e−8) | 2.56 | 13.0 | 0.9999 | 1.000 | 0.529 | 0.417 | 0.0571 | |
| Host | |||||||||||
| Solanum lycopersicum | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1.10 | 3.0 | 1 | 1.000 | 0.555 | 3.38 | 0.647 | |
| S. tuberosum | 13 | 13 | 10(7.30e−8) | 2.56 | 13.0 | 0.9999 | 1.000 | 0.569 | 1.51 | 0.159 | |
| Other (Petunia sp., S. incanum) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0.70 | 2.0 | 1 | 1.000 | 0.764 | NA | NA | |
| Total | 18 | 18 | 10(5.43e−7) | 2.89 | 18.0 | 0.9995 | 1.000 | 0.568 | 1.80 | 0.191 | |
| Asia | Genotype | ||||||||||
| FAM-1 | 21 | 21 | 10.00 | 3.05 | 21.0 | 0.9996 | 1.000 | 0.404 | 0.136 | 0.0188 | |
| US-1 | 11 | 11 | 10.00 | 2.40 | 11.0 | 0.9999 | 1.000 | 0.481 | 0.0458 | 0.00671 | |
| Host | |||||||||||
| S. lycopersicum | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1.39 | 4.0 | 1 | 1.000 | 0.561 | 3.25 | 0.411 | |
| S. tuberosum | 23 | 23 | 10(5.03e−7) | 3.14 | 23.0 | 1.0005 | 1.000 | 0.497 | 1.08 | 0.111 | |
| Other (S. laciniatum, S. lyratum, S. marginatum, S. melongena, S. xanthocarpum) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1.61 | 5.0 | 1 | 1.000 | 0.533 | 0.15 | 0.0261 | |
| Total | 32 | 32 | 10 | 3.47 | 32.0 | 1.0002 | 1.000 | 0.544 | 1.113 | 0.1168 | |
| Europe | Genotype | ||||||||||
| FAM-1 | 26 | 26 | 10.00(1.09e−6) | 3.26 | 26.0 | 1.0005 | 1.000 | 0.390 | 0.274 | 0.0315 | |
| US-1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1.10 | 3.0 | 1.0005 | 1.000 | 0.560 | −1.11e−16 | −8.33e−17 | |
| Host | |||||||||||
| S. lycopersicum | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1.10 | 3.0 | 1.334 | 1.000 | 0.386 | −0.50 | −0.50 | |
| S. tuberosum | 24 | 24 | 10(4.38e−7) | 3.18 | 24.0 | 0.9997 | 1.000 | 0.506 | 2.77 | 0.26 | |
| Other (S. dulcamara, S. nigrum) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0.70 | 2.0 | 1 | 1.000 | 0.548 | NA | NA | |
| Total | 29 | 29 | 10(1.03e−6) | 3.37 | 29.0 | 1.0005 | 1.000 | 0.495 | 2.53 | 0.23 | |
| North America | Genotype | ||||||||||
| FAM-1 | 42 | 31 | 8.91(9.63e−1) | 3.24 | 18.4 | 0.9691 | 0.711 | 0.337 | −0.189 | −0.0303 | |
| US-1 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 1.79 | 6.0 | 0.9996 | 1.000 | 0.540 | 1.120 | 0.123 | |
| Host | |||||||||||
| S. lycopersicum | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1.10 | 3.0 | 1.0005 | 1.000 | 0.490 | 0.333 | 0.075 | |
| S. tuberosum | 43 | 43 | 10(9.46e−7e0) | 3.76 | 43.0 | 0.9998 | 1.000 | 0.457 | 3.695 | 0.354 | |
| Other (S. nigrum, S. sp.) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0.69 | 2.0 | 1 | 1.000 | 0.488 | NA | NA | |
| Total | 48 | 48 | 10(2.87e−6) | 3.87 | 48.0 | 0.9998 | NA | 0.453 | 3.461 | 0.336 | |
| Oceaniab | Total | 2 | 2 | 2.00 | 0.70 | 2.0 | 1 | 1.000 | 0.286 | NA | NA |
| South America | Genotype | ||||||||||
| FAM-1 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1.61 | 5.0 | 1 | 1.000 | 0.480 | 2.289 | 0.2501 | |
| US-1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1.10 | 3 | 1.0005 | 1.000 | 0.436 | −0.333 | −0.200 | |
| Host | |||||||||||
| Other (Petunia sp.) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.0 | 1.0 | NA | NA | 0.364 | NA | NA | |
| S. tuberosum | 7 | 7 | 7 | 1.95 | 7.0 | 0.9998 | 1.000 | 0.519 | 2.326 | 0.2204 | |
| Total | 8 | 8 | 8 | 2.08 | 8.0 | 0.875 | 1.000 | 0.566 | 0.982 | 0.0866 | |
| Totals | Genotype | ||||||||||
| FAM-1 | 101 | 85 | 32.7(1.57) | 4.32 | 53.4 | 0.9908 | 0.718 | 0.381 | 0.41 | 0.0702 | |
| US-1 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 3.58 | 36 | 0.9997 | 1.000 | 0.508 | 0.232 | 0.0258 | |
| Host | |||||||||||
| S. lycopersicum | 13 | 13 | 12 | 2.57 | 13.0 | 0.9999 | 1.000 | 0.461 | 1.45 | 0.194 | |
| S. tuberosum | 112 | 99 | 11.7(5.4e−1) | 4.51 | 73.8 | 0.9950 | 0.813 | 0.461 | 2.12 | 0.220 | |
| Other | 12 | 12 | 12 | 2.48 | 12.0 | 1.0003 | 1.000 | 0.561 | 1.41 | 0.135 | |
| Total | 137 | 121 | 34(1.36e−0)c | 4.69 | 82.7 | 0.9952 | 0.757 | 0.471 | 1.903 | 0.1952 | |
aAll isolates, including those with missing data (minimum = 5) are included.
bOnly two samples were collected from Oceania, and both were collected from potato and identified as FAM-1.
ceMLG for the entire sample set was based on population counts by genotype.
dData for Ia and d were clone corrected before analysis.
n number of individuals, MLG number of multilocus genotypes (MLG), eMLG expected number of MLGs at smallest size of at least ten, SE standard error, H Shannon–Weiner Index of MLG diversity, G Stoddart and Taylor Index of MLG diversity, λ corrected Simpson’s Index, Hexp Nei’s 1978 gene diversity, Ia Index of Association, d standardized index of association.