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. 2021 May 28;12:635942. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635942

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Copyright © 2021 Lehmann, Kirchenbaum, Zhang, Reche and Lehmann

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Classic representation of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific T cell frequencies in SARS-CoV-2 PCR verified subjects(+) versus Pre-COVID Era individuals(-). PBMC of each individual within the cohort is represented by a dot. The PBMC were challenged with peptide pools covering the SARS-CoV-2 antigens specified on the right. (These peptide pools are closer defined in Supplementary Table 2 ). The individual peptides in each pool were tested at 1.5 µg/ml. An ELISPOT assay was performed measuring the numbers of antigen-induced IFN-y-secreting T cells (spot forming units, SFU) in 200,000 PBMC; following convention, the numbers have been normalized to per million PBMC, as shown on the Y axis. Statistical significance between the two cohorts was determined using an independent samples t test. Significant differences between SARS-CoV-2-infected vs. non-exposed cohorts are marked with * denoting p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001, respectively.