Table 1.
Comparison of clinical and laboratory features between severe and non-severe pediatric patients with COVID-19
| Total | Severe | Non severe | P- value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean (SD)/percentage | N | Mean (SD)/percentage | N | Mean (SD)/percentage | ||
| Age, year | 53 | 9.58 (5.35) | 25 | 8.33 (5.51) | 28 | 10.69 (5.05) | 0.12 |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 22 | 41.5% | 9 | 36.0% | 13 | 46.4% | 0.44 |
| Female | 31 | 58.5% | 16 | 64.0% | 15 | 53.6% | |
| Disease onset to hospital admission duration | 53 | 3.0 (2.0–6.25) | 25 | 4.0 (2.0–7.5) | 28 | 3.0 (1.25–7.0) | 0.38 |
| Hospital duration | 53 | 5.37 (4.22) | 25 | 7.16 (5.09) | 28 | 3.78 (2.39) | 0.01 |
| ICU duration | 53 | 0.69 (2.46) | 25 | 1.48 (3.45) | 28 | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.01 |
| ICU admission | |||||||
| Yes | 6 | 11.3% | 6 | 24.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.01 |
| No | 47 | 88.7% | 19 | 76.0% | 28 | 100.0% | |
| Fever | |||||||
| Yes | 42 | 79.2% | 19 | 76.0% | 23 | 82.1% | 0.58 |
| No | 11 | 20.8% | 6 | 24.0% | 5 | 17.9% | |
| Dry cough | |||||||
| Yes | 40 | 75.5% | 21 | 84.0% | 19 | 67.9% | 0.17 |
| No | 13 | 24.5% | 4 | 16.0% | 9 | 32.1% | |
| Nasal congestion | |||||||
| Yes | 5 | 9.4% | 3 | 8.0% | 2 | 10.7% | 0.74 |
| No | 48 | 90.6% | 23 | 92.0% | 25 | 89.3% | |
| Poor feeding | |||||||
| Yes | 2 | 28.6% | 1 | 20.0% | 1 | 50.0% | 0.43 |
| No | 5 | 71.4% | 4 | 80.0% | 1 | 50.0% | |
| Body pain | |||||||
| Yes | 14 | 30.4% | 4 | 20.0% | 10 | 38.5% | 0.18 |
| No | 32 | 69.6% | 16 | 80.0% | 16 | 61.6% | |
| Nausea | |||||||
| Yes | 12 | 26.1% | 6 | 30.0% | 6 | 23.1% | 0.60 |
| No | 34 | 73.9% | 14 | 70.0% | 20 | 76.9% | |
| Diarrhea | |||||||
| Yes | 5 | 9.4% | 4 | 16.0% | 1 | 3.6% | 0.12 |
| No | 48 | 90.6% | 21 | 84.0% | 27 | 96.4% | |
| Vomiting | |||||||
| Yes | 11 | 20.8% | 5 | 20.0% | 6 | 21.4% | 0.90 |
| No | 42 | 79.2% | 20 | 80.0% | 22 | 78.6% | |
| Abdominal pain | |||||||
| Yes | 3 | 6.5% | 2 | 10.0% | 1 | 3.8% | 0.40 |
| No | 43 | 93.5% | 18 | 90.0% | 25 | 96.2% | |
| Distress | |||||||
| Yes | 23 | 43.4% | 23 | 92.0% | 0 | 0.0% | < 0.01 |
| No | 30 | 56.6% | 2 | 8.0% | 28 | 100.0% | |
| Outcome | |||||||
| Dead | 1 | 1.9% | 1 | 4.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.28 |
| Alive | 52 | 98.1% | 24 | 96.0% | 28 | 100.0% | |
| Leukocyte count, × 109/L | 53 | 9232.08 (4755.19) | 25 | 10,064.00 (4477.06) | 28 | 8489.29 (4951.64) | 0.10 |
| Leukopenia (< 3.5 × 109/L) | |||||||
| Yes | 3 | 5.7% | 0 | 0.0% | 3 | 10.7% | 0.09 |
| No | 50 | 94.3% | 25 | 100.0% | 25 | 89.3% | |
| Leukocytosis(> 11 × 109/L) | |||||||
| Yes | 17 | 32.1% | 11 | 44.0% | 6 | 21.4% | 0.08 |
| No | 36 | 67.9% | 14 | 56.0% | 22 | 78.6% | |
| Lymphocyte, % | 53 | 26.249 (13.17) | 25 | 29.22 (15.61) | 28 | 23.59 (10.11) | 0.25 |
| Lymphopenia (< 20%) | |||||||
| Yes | 21 | 39.6% | 8 | 32.0% | 13 | 46.4% | 0.28 |
| No | 32 | 60.4% | 17 | 68.0% | 15 | 53.6% | |
| Lymphocytosis(> 40%) | |||||||
| Yes | 7 | 13.2% | 6 | 24.0% | 1 | 3.6% | 0.03 |
| No | 46 | 86.8% | 19 | 76.0% | 27 | 96.4% | |
| CRP, mg/L | 53 | 22.5 (5.0–82.75) | 25 | 23.0 (3.5–81.0) | 28 | 15.5 (4.25–60.25) | 0.82 |
| ESR, mm/h | 16 | 20.0 (14.0–59.25) | 5 | 19.0 (13.0–85.0) | 11 | 21.0 (14.0–51.0) | 0.86 |
| O2 saturation, % | 51 | 96.5 (94.0–97.75) | 25 | 93.0 (86.5–95.0) | 26 | 97.5 (95.0–98.0) | < 0.01 |
| Respiratory rate | 52 | 32.48 (13.36) | 25 | 37.88 (15.66) | 27 | 27.48 (8.35) | 0.01 |
| Antiviral therapy | |||||||
| Yes | 11 | 20.8% | 4 | 16.0% | 7 | 25.0% | 0.42 |
| No | 42 | 79.2% | 21 | 84.0% | 21 | 75.0% | |
| Antibacterial therapy | |||||||
| Yes | 49 | 92.5% | 23 | 92.0% | 26 | 92.9% | 0.91 |
| No | 4 | 7.5% | 2 | 8.0% | 2 | 7.1% | |
| Comorbid disease | |||||||
| Comorbid disease | |||||||
| Yes | 20 | 37.7% | 12 | 48.0% | 8 | 28.6% | 0.14 |
| No | 33 | 62.3% | 13 | 52.0% | 20 | 71.4% | |
| G6PD deficiency | |||||||
| Yes | 4 | 7.5% | 3 | 12.0% | 1 | 3.6% | 0.25 |
| No | 49 | 92.5% | 22 | 88.0% | 27 | 96.4% | |
| Cardiovascular | |||||||
| Yes | 3 | 5.7% | 2 | 8.0% | 1 | 3.6% | 0.49 |
| No | 50 | 94.3% | 23 | 92.0% | 27 | 96.4% | |
| Gastrointestinal | |||||||
| Yes | 3 | 5.7% | 2 | 8.0% | 1 | 3.6% | 0.49 |
| No | 50 | 94.3% | 23 | 92.0% | 27 | 96.4% | |
| Other comorbid diseases | |||||||
| Yes | 6 | 11.3% | 2 | 8.0% | 4 | 14.3% | 0.47 |
| No | 47 | 88.7% | 23 | 92.0% | 24 | 85.7% | |
CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Continuous and categorical variables were analyzed using independent t-test/Mann-Whitney U test and χ2/Fisher’s exact tests, respectively. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant