Table 2.
Comparison of clinical and laboratory features among different age groups in pediatric patients with COVID-19
| Total | Age class 1 (0–2) | Age class 2 (3–12) | Age class 3 (13–17) | P- value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean (SD)/percentage | N | Mean (SD)/percentage | N | Mean (SD)/percentage | N | Mean (SD)/percentage | ||
| Severe | |||||||||
| Severe | 25 | 47.2% | 5 | 71.4% | 14 | 51.9% | 6 | 31.6% | 0.15 |
| Non-severe | 28 | 52.8% | 2 | 28.6% | 13 | 48.1% | 13 | 68.4% | |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 22 | 41.5% | 1 | 14.3% | 13 | 48.1% | 8 | 42.1% | 0.27 |
| Female | 31 | 58.5% | 6 | 85.7% | 14 | 51.9% | 11 | 57.9% | |
| Disease onset to hospital admission duration | 53 | 4.47 (3.55) | 7 | 4.43 (4.31) | 27 | 4.70 (3.58) | 19 | 4.16 (3.38) | 0.89 |
| Hospital duration | 53 | 5.37 (4.22) | 7 | 4.00 (2.16) | 27 | 6.07 (3.94) | 19 | 4.89 (5.08) | 0.07 |
| ICU duration | 53 | 0.69 (2.46) | 7 | 0.85 (1.57) | 27 | 1.00 (3.26) | 19 | 0.21 (0.91) | 0.31 |
| ICU admission | |||||||||
| Yes | 6 | 11.3% | 2 | 28.6% | 3 | 11.1% | 1 | 5.3% | 0.25 |
| No | 47 | 88.7% | 5 | 71.4% | 24 | 88.9% | 18 | 94.7% | |
| Fever | |||||||||
| Yes | 42 | 79.2% | 4 | 57.1% | 24 | 88.9% | 14 | 73.7% | 0.14 |
| No | 11 | 20.8% | 3 | 42.9% | 3 | 11.1% | 5 | 26.3% | |
| Dry cough | |||||||||
| Yes | 40 | 75.5% | 7 | 100.0% | 17 | 63.0% | 16 | 84.2% | 0.07 |
| No | 13 | 24.5% | 0 | 0.0% | 10 | 37.0% | 3 | 15.8% | |
| Nasal congestion | |||||||||
| Yes | 5 | 9.4% | 2 | 28.6% | 3 | 11.1% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.08 |
| No | 48 | 90.6% | 5 | 71.4% | 24 | 88.9% | 19 | 100.0% | |
| Poor feeding | |||||||||
| Yes | 2 | 3.8% | 2 | 28.6% | – | – | – | – | – |
| No | 51 | 96.2% | 5 | 71.4% | – | – | – | – | |
| Body pain | |||||||||
| Yes | 14 | 30.4% | – | – | 5 | 18.5% | 9 | 47.4% | 0.04 |
| No | 32 | 69.6% | – | – | 22 | 81.5% | 10 | 52.6% | |
| Nausea | |||||||||
| Yes | 12 | 26.1% | – | – | 8 | 29.6% | 4 | 21.1% | 0.51 |
| No | 34 | 73.9% | – | – | 19 | 70.4% | 15 | 78.9% | |
| Diarrhea | |||||||||
| Yes | 5 | 9.4% | 0 | 0.0% | 3 | 11.1% | 2 | 10.5% | 0.66 |
| No | 48 | 90.6% | 7 | 100.0% | 24 | 88.9% | 17 | 89.5% | |
| Vomiting | |||||||||
| Yes | 11 | 20.8% | 0 | 0.0% | 8 | 29.6% | 3 | 15.8% | 0.18 |
| No | 42 | 79.2% | 7 | 100.0% | 19 | 70.4% | 16 | 84.2% | |
| Abdominal pain | |||||||||
| Yes | 3 | 6.5% | – | – | 2 | 7.4% | 1 | 5.3% | 0.77 |
| No | 43 | 93.5% | – | – | 25 | 92.6% | 18 | 94.7% | |
| Distress | |||||||||
| Yes | 23 | 43.4% | 5 | 71.4% | 13 | 48.1% | 5 | 26.3% | 0.09 |
| No | 30 | 56.6% | 2 | 28.6% | 14 | 51.9% | 14 | 73.7% | |
| Outcome | |||||||||
| Dead | 1 | 1.9% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 3.7% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.61 |
| Alive | 52 | 98.1% | 7 | 100.0% | 26 | 96.3% | 19 | 100.0% | |
| Leukocyte count, × 109/L | 53 | 9232.08 (4755.19) | 7 | 10,085.71 (2848.05) | 27 | 9085.19 (5532.67) | 19 | 9126.32 (4251.64) | 0.48 |
| Leukopenia (< 3.5 × 109/L) | |||||||||
| Yes | 3 | 5.7% | 0 | 0.0% | 3 | 11.1% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.22 |
| No | 50 | 94.3% | 7 | 100.0% | 24 | 88.9% | 19 | 100.0% | |
| Leukocytosis (> 11 × 109/L) | |||||||||
| Yes | 17 | 32.1% | 4 | 57.1% | 9 | 33.3% | 4 | 21.1% | 0.21 |
| No | 36 | 67.9% | 3 | 42.9% | 18 | 66.7% | 15 | 78.9% | |
| Lymphocyte, % | 53 | 26.24 (13.17) | 7 | 30.95 (12.65) | 27 | 26.67 (13.71) | 19 | 23.90 (12.71) | 0.37 |
| Lymphopenia (< 20%) | |||||||||
| Yes | 21 | 39.6% | 1 | 14.3% | 10 | 37.0% | 10 | 52.6% | 0.19 |
| No | 32 | 60.4% | 6 | 85.7% | 17 | 63.0% | 9 | 47.4% | |
| Lymphocytosis (> 40%) | |||||||||
| Yes | 7 | 13.2% | 2 | 28.6% | 3 | 11.1% | 2 | 10.5% | 0.43 |
| No | 46 | 86.8% | 5 | 71.4% | 24 | 88.9% | 17 | 89.5% | |
| CRP, mg/L | 53 | 40.13 (45.93) | 7 | 4.57 (5.71) | 27 | 50.93 (45.82) | 19 | 37.89 (48.80) | 0.01 |
| ESR, mm/h | 16 | 34.75 (29.03) | 2 | 22.50 (2.12) | 10 | 46.20 (31.55) | 4 | 12.25 (3.86) | 0.05 |
| O2 saturation, % | 51 | 93.61 (5.89) | 7 | 87.14 (9.70) | 26 | 93.62 (4.99) | 18 | 96.11 (2.90) | 0.01 |
| Antiviral therapy | |||||||||
| Yes | 11 | 20.8% | 1 | 14.3% | 4 | 14.8% | 6 | 31.6% | 0.35 |
| No | 42 | 79.2% | 6 | 85.7% | 23 | 85.2% | 13 | 68.4% | |
| Antibacterial therapy | |||||||||
| Yes | 49 | 92.5% | 7 | 100.0% | 26 | 96.3% | 16 | 84.2% | 0.22 |
| No | 4 | 7.5% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 3.7% | 3 | 15.8% | |
| Comorbid disease | |||||||||
| Comorbid disease | |||||||||
| Yes | 20 | 37.7% | 3 | 42.9% | 10 | 37.0% | 7 | 36.8% | 0.96 |
| No | 33 | 62.3% | 4 | 57.1% | 17 | 63.0% | 12 | 63.2% | |
| G6PD deficiency | |||||||||
| Yes | 4 | 7.5% | 1 | 14.3% | 1 | 3.7% | 2 | 10.5% | 0.53 |
| No | 49 | 92.5% | 6 | 85.7% | 26 | 96.3% | 17 | 89.5% | |
| Cardiovascular | |||||||||
| Yes | 3 | 5.7% | 2 | 28.6% | 1 | 3.7% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.02 |
| No | 50 | 94.3% | 5 | 71.4% | 26 | 96.3% | 19 | 100.0% | |
| Gastrointestinal | |||||||||
| Yes | 3 | 5.7% | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 7.4% | 1 | 5.3% | 0.75 |
| No | 50 | 94.3% | 7 | 100.0% | 25 | 92.6% | 18 | 94.7% | |
| Other comorbid diseases | |||||||||
| Yes | 6 | 11.3% | 0 | 0.0% | 3 | 11.1% | 3 | 15.8% | 0.53 |
| No | 47 | 88.7% | 7 | 100.0% | 24 | 88.9% | 16 | 84.2% | |
CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Continuous and categorical variables were analyzed using independent t-test/Mann-Whitney U test and χ2/Fisher’s exact tests, respectively. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant