Table 3.
Associations between fall and fracture risk factors,a including TCA/GABA-analog use, and the likelihood of fall as any diagnosis or fracture as primary diagnosis within 5 years, estimated using both conventional and time-dependent analyses.
| Patient characteristic | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary analysis | Time-dependent analysisb | |||
| Fracture, primary diagnosis | Fall, any diagnosis | Fracture, primary diagnosis | Fall, any diagnosis | |
| Anticonvulsant user vs. Non-user | 1.09 (0.99, 1.19) | 1.11 (1.03, 1.20) | 1.12 (1.02, 1.24) | 1.26 (1.17, 1.36) |
| Sulfonylureas use, Y vs. N | 1.01 (0.92, 1.11) | 0.98 (0.91, 1.05) | 0.98 (0.91, 1.07) | 0.97 (0.91, 1.04) |
| Any HTN medication, Y vs. N | 0.84 (0.71, 0.99) | 1.06 (0.92, 1.22) | 0.87 (0.75, 1.01) | 1.09 (0.96, 1.24) |
| Any potentially inappropriate medication, Y vs. N | 1.12 (1.02, 1.23) | 1.10 (1.02, 1.19) | 1.12 (1.03, 1.22) | 1.11 (1.04, 1.19) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis/osteoarthritis, Y vs. N | 1.26 (1.14, 1.40) | 1.26 (1.15, 1.37) | 1.27 (1.15, 1.39) | 1.27 (1.17, 1.37) |
| Alzheimer’s disease/dementia, Y vs. N | 1.11 (0.98, 1.25) | 1.39 (1.26, 1.53) | 1.13 (1.01, 1.25) | 1.36 (1.25, 1.48) |
| Chronic kidney disease, Y vs. N | 1.24 (1.13, 1.36) | 1.20 (1.11, 1.30) | 1.22 (1.12, 1.33) | 1.17 (1.09, 1.25) |
| Visual impairment and related disorders, Y vs. N | 1.07 (0.97, 1.18) | 1.02 (0.94, 1.11) | 1.05 (0.96, 1.14) | 1.03 (0.95, 1.10) |
| Hearing impairment and related disorders, Y vs. N | 0.45 (0.22, 0.91) | 0.91 (0.60, 1.40) | 0.71 (0.43, 1.15) | 1.02 (0.72, 1.46) |
| Urinary incontinence, Y vs. N | 1.12 (0.86, 1.47) | 1.16 (0.93, 1.44) | 1.11 (0.87, 1.41) | 1.02 (0.83, 1.25) |
| Hypotension, Y vs. N | 1.09 (0.82, 1.45) | 0.98 (0.77, 1.26) | 1.06 (0.82, 1.37) | 1.05 (0.84, 1.30) |
| Hypoglycemia, Y vs. N | 1.51 (1.25, 1.81) | 1.27 (1.08, 1.50) | 1.38 (1.16, 1.64) | 1.28 (1.11, 1.48) |
| Other chronic conditions | ||||
| 2–3 vs. 0–1 | 1.20 (1.03, 1.40) | 1.18 (1.04, 1.34) | 1.23 (1.07, 1.41) | 1.14 (1.02, 1.27) |
| 4–5 vs. 0–1 | 1.47 (1.26, 1.72) | 1.55 (1.37, 1.76) | 1.46 (1.27, 1.68) | 1.53 (1.37, 1.71) |
| 6+ vs. 0–1 | 1.68 (1.39, 2.03) | 1.89 (1.62, 2.20) | 1.80 (1.52, 2.13) | 1.90 (1.66, 2.18) |
Bold face font indicates a statistically significant finding.
Risk factors examined are those deemed to be potential risk factors for fall and fracture.
In the time-dependent analysis, a user became a non-user when the TCA/GABA-analog supply ended. Similarly, non-users became users when they initiated TCA/GABA-analog treatment. Therefore, compared to the conventional model, users were not censored at the end of supply and non-users were not censored at the initiation of treatment. This allowed us to examine the association with TCAs/GABA-analogs with more data points.