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. 2021 Jun 11;20:121. doi: 10.1186/s12933-021-01312-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — DAPA treatment suppresses matrix accumulation and myocardial fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. A The effects of DAPA on the fibrosis in myocardial tissue were observed by PSR staining (top), Scale bars = 100 μm; red color represents collagen fibers deposition. Meanwhile, the expression of type I collagen, type III collagen and α-SMA (bottom) in the myocardium was detected by immunostaining and DAPI staining. Scale bars = 100 μm; B quantification of red color in bar graph. OD values are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6 rats per group). C–E Immunohistochemical analysis for the effect of DAPA on Ang II-induced expression of type I collagen, type III collagen and α-SMA in myocardial tissue. Values are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6 rats per group). *P < 0.05 relative to CTL group. ^†P < 0.05 relative to Ang II group. F Effects of DAPA treatment on expression of type I collagen, type III collagen, α-SMA in Ang II-infused rats were examined by immunoblotting. The relative ratio of type I collagen, type III collagen, α-SMA over β-actin was determined by densitometric analysis respectively.Values are means ± SD (n = 6). *P < 0.05 relative to CTL group. ^†P < 0.05 relative to Ang II group. G DAPA inhibits Ang II-induced expression of type I collagen, type III collagen, α-SMA and TGF-β1 in CFs. CFs treated with the indicated concentrations of DAPA for 1 h were exposed to Ang II for 24 h. The relative ratio of type I collagen, type III collagen, α-SMA and TGF-β1 over β-actin was determined by densitometric analysis respectively.Values are means ± SD (n = 3). DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide. Values are means ± SD. *P < 0.05 relative to CTL group. ^†P < 0.05 relative to Ang II group. ^§P < 0.05 relative to Ang II plus DAPA 0.5 group

Fig. 3 — DAPA treatment suppresses matrix accumulation and myocardial fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. A The effects of DAPA on the fibrosis in myocardial tissue were observed by PSR staining (top), Scale bars = 100 μm; red color represents collagen fibers deposition. Meanwhile, the expression of type I collagen, type III collagen and α-SMA (bottom) in the myocardium was detected by immunostaining and DAPI staining. Scale bars = 100 μm; B quantification of red color in bar graph. OD values are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6 rats per group). C–E Immunohistochemical analysis for the effect of DAPA on Ang II-induced expression of type I collagen, type III collagen and α-SMA in myocardial tissue. Values are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6 rats per group). *P < 0.05 relative to CTL group. ^†P < 0.05 relative to Ang II group. F Effects of DAPA treatment on expression of type I collagen, type III collagen, α-SMA in Ang II-infused rats were examined by immunoblotting. The relative ratio of type I collagen, type III collagen, α-SMA over β-actin was determined by densitometric analysis respectively.Values are means ± SD (n = 6). *P < 0.05 relative to CTL group. ^†P < 0.05 relative to Ang II group. G DAPA inhibits Ang II-induced expression of type I collagen, type III collagen, α-SMA and TGF-β1 in CFs. CFs treated with the indicated concentrations of DAPA for 1 h were exposed to Ang II for 24 h. The relative ratio of type I collagen, type III collagen, α-SMA and TGF-β1 over β-actin was determined by densitometric analysis respectively.Values are means ± SD (n = 3). DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide. Values are means ± SD. *P < 0.05 relative to CTL group. ^†P < 0.05 relative to Ang II group. ^§P < 0.05 relative to Ang II plus DAPA 0.5 group