Table 2.
Heal Rates for At-Risk Sub-Populations (Including Case Reports)
| Article First Author/Year | Delayed Union or Non-Union | Total Sub-Population Participants (n) | Sub-Population Participants Healed (n) | Sub-Population Heal Rate (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Instrumented | ||||
| Akiyama, 2011 [9] | Non-union | 1 | 1 | 100 |
| Akiyama, 2011 [9] | Delayed Union | 1 | 1 | 100 |
| Fujishiro, 2005 [11] | Non-union | 1 | 1 | 100 |
| Gebauer, 2005 [12] | Non-union | 43 | 38 | 88.4 |
| Hemery, 2011 [13] | Non-union | 14 | 11 | 78.6 |
| Huber, 2012 [14] | Non-union | 1 | 1 | 100 |
| Jingushi, 2007 [15] | Non-union | 32 | 21 | 65.6 |
| Jingushi, 2007a [15] | Delayed Union | 40 | 33 | 82.5 |
| Joshy, 2007 [16] | Non-union | 5 | 5 | 100 |
| Lee, 2016 [17] | Non-union | 1 | 1 | 100 |
| Lee, 2016 [17] | Delayed Union | 1 | 1 | 100 |
| Lerner, 2004 [18] | Delayed Union | 16 | 14 | 87.5 |
| Lim, 2012 [19] | Non-union | 1 | 1 | 100 |
| Majeed, 2019 [20] | Non-union | 15 | 10 | 66.7 |
| Mayr, 2000 [21] | Delayed Union | NR | NR | 91.7 |
| Mayr, 2002 [22] | Combined Delayed Union & Non-union | 41 | 40 | 97.6 |
| Mirza, 2018 [23] | Combined Delayed Union & Non-union | 18 | 12 | 66.7 |
| Moghaddam, 2016 [24] | Non-union | 19 | 11 | 57.9 |
| Niikura, 2016 [25] | Non-union | 1 | 1 | 100 |
| Nolte, 2001 [26] | Non-union | 21 | 18 | 85.7 |
| Pigozzi, 2004 [27] | Non-union | 8 | 8 | 100 |
| Povlsen, 2015 [28] | Non-union | 1 | 1 | 100 |
| Ricardo, 2006 [29] | Non-union | 10 | 10 | 100 |
| Roussignol, 2012 [31] | Non-union | 59 | 52 | 88.1 |
| Rutten, 2007 [32] | Non-union | 45 | 32 | 71.1 |
| Schofer, 2010a [33] | Delayed Union | 51 | 33 | 64.7 |
| Waseem, 2010 [34] | Non-union | 2 | 2 | 100 |
| Watanabe, 2013 [35] | Non-union | 42 | 27 | 64.3 |
| Watanabe, 2013 [35] | Delayed Union | 92 | 69 | 75 |
| Welch-Phillips, 2016 [36] | Delayed Union | NR | NR | 73.5 |
| Zura, 2015 [37] | Non-union | 222 | 189 | 85.1 |
| Infection | ||||
| Fujishiro, 2005 [11] | Non-union | 1 | 1 | 100 |
| Hemery, 2011 [13] | Non-union | 6 | 4 | 66.7 |
| Joshy, 2007 [16] | Non-union | 2 | 2 | 100 |
| Lim, 2012 [19] | Non-union | 1 | 1 | 100 |
| Mayr, 2000 [21] | Combined Delayed Union & Non-union | 13 | 13 | 100 |
| Niikura, 2016 [25] | Non-union | 1 | 1 | 100 |
| Nolte, 2001 [26] | Non-union | 2 | 2 | 100 |
| Romanò, 2006 | Non-union | 49 | 39 | 79.6 |
| Rutten, 2007 [32] | Non-union | 6 | 3 | 50 |
| Waseem, 2010 [34] | Non-union | 1 | 1 | 100 |
| Fragility | ||||
| Joshy, 2007 [16] | Non-union | 1 | 1 | 100 |
| Mayr, 2000 [21] | Combined Delayed Union & Non-union | 43 | 37 | 87 |
| Exogen Post-Market Approval - EXOGEN Validation Report, 2019 [10] | Non-union | 158 | 145 | 91.8 |
Abbreviations: NR Not Reported
aOverall heal rate is reported as the authors did not provide a subgroup analysis of heal rate in instrumented non-union fractures