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. 2021 May 21;13(11):2512. doi: 10.3390/cancers13112512

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Precision medicine. Samples (e.g., serum/tissue/urine/feces) can be analyzed by multiomics technologies. Blood informs on the systemic response to the disease, urine includes the host metabolites which are excreted from the body, stool samples show what the intestine is exposed to and resected tissue can give information on the response mounted at the site of disease. Information from multiomics analyses, clinical reports, lifestyle and psychosocial characteristics can identify biomarkers for prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and surveillance, and help to determine the most suitable therapeutic schedule for individuals presenting with a given disease.