Table 1.
Etiological agents of bathing illness, probable sources and transmission pathways. GI = gastrointestinal [7,19].
| Agent | Illness | Probable Source | Transmission Pathway |
|---|---|---|---|
| Campylobacter spp. | Gastroenteritis, fever | Human and animals | Ingestion |
| Enteropathogenic E. coli | Bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramp | Human and animals | Ingestion |
| Helicobacter pylori | Gastritis, abdominal pain | Human and animals | Ingestion |
| Legionella spp. | Pneumonia, gastroenteritis | Natural | Inhalation |
| Leptospira spp. | Fever, headache, vomiting, jaundice | Natural and animals | Ingestion |
| Salmonella spp. | Gastroenteritis, fever, pain | Human and animals | Ingestion |
| Mycobacterium avium | Respiratory disease | Natural | Inhalation/contact |
| Vibrio vulnificus | Infection in pre-existed open wound | Natural | Wound infection |
| Shigella spp. | Bacillary dysentery, abdominal pain | Human | Ingestion |
| Adenovirus | Gastroenteritis, respiratory disease | Human | Ingestion, inhalation |
| Noroviruses | Gastroenteritis | Human | Ingestion |
| Rotaviruses | Gastroenteritis | Human | Ingestion |
| Coxsackievirus | Mild febrile illness to myocarditis | Human | Ingestion |
| Enteroviruses | Central nervous system, ocular and respiratory infections | Human | Ingestion |
| Echovirus | Diarrhea, secretions from the eyes or throat | Human | Ingestion |
| Hepatitis A virus | Liver disease | Human | Ingestion |
| Hepatitis E virus | Liver disease | Human and animals | Ingestion |
| Cryptosporidium | Diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever | Human and animals | Ingestion |
| Giardia | Diarrhea, abdominal cramp | Human and animals | Ingestion |
| Microsporidia | GI illness, diarrhea | Human and animals | Ingestion |
| Naegeria fowleri | Meningoencephalitis | Natural | Contact |
| Schistosoma spp. | GI illness, haematuria | Human | Ingestion, Contact |
| Entamoeba histolytica | Amoebic dysentery | Human | Ingestion |