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. 2021 May 21;22(11):5448. doi: 10.3390/ijms22115448

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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MMP-2 mRNA expression in AV fistula venous segment. (A) MMP-2 mRNA expression elevated after AV fistula creation comparing to contralateral veins sampled at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks after AV fistula creation and the peak was at 2 weeks (n = 6~7 in each time point). (B,C) The deletion of MMP-9 did not make compensatory elevation of MMP-2 at 1-week and 4-weeks post AVF creation. (n = 6–7 in each group). * p < 0.05, **** p < 0.0001. Data presented as mean ± SEM and analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc analysis for multiple comparison and Student’s t-test for comparison of two.