Table 2.
Cohort information from the systematic review (qualitative analysis) of selected studies. The asterisk * indicates that the study was used in the meta-analysis (quantitative analysis).
| Ref. (Kind) | Group | N | Age (Error and Type) |
Male/Female | Cancer Staging Classification (n) | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [28] | CRC | 83 | 60 (ND: 17) | 53/30 | ND | UK |
| (VOL) | Control | 50 | 47 (ND: 16) | 21/29 | - | |
| * [35] | CRC | 101 | 60 (R: 24–83) | 58/43 | 0 (0), I (24), II (45), III (27), IV (5) | CN |
| (MET) | Control | 103 | 58 (R: 31–76) | 31/72 | ||
| [32] | CRC | 29 | ND | - | ND | CN |
| (MET) | Control | 10 | ND | - | - | |
| * [36] | CRC | 92 | 60 (R: 32–85) | 62/30 | 0 (24), I (8), II (7), III (13), IV (4) | KR |
| (MET) | Control | 156 | 52 (R: 22–76) | 76/80 | ||
| [33] | CRC | 56 | 65.4 (SD: 11.5) | 33/23 | A (8), B (17), C1 (20), C2 (9) | UK |
| (MET) | Control (spouse) | 45 | 60.7 (SD: 12.1) | 15/30 | - | |
| Control (relative) | 37 | 50 (SD: 14.1) | 17/20 | - | ||
| * [25] | CRC-Malignant | 201 | 68.7 (ND: 0.8) | 114/87 | 0 (3), I/II (103), III (88), IV (7) | JP |
| (MET) | CRC-Benign | 14 | 65 (ND: 3.1) | 11/3 | - | |
| Control | 17 | 42.1 (ND: 2.8) | 13/4 | - | ||
| [31] | CRC | 20 | 73 (ND) | 10/10 | I/II (8), III/IV (12) | CN |
| (MET) | Control | 14 | 68 (ND) | 8/6 | - | |
| * [24] | CRC-CAD | 121 | 67.4 (ND: 10.9) | 68/59 | 0 (3); I (16), II (30), III (51), IV (21) | CA/US |
| (MET) | CRC-MSKCC | 50 | 63.8 (ND: 12.5) | 24/26 | 0 (0), I (14), II (20), III (6), IV (10) | |
| Control | 171 | 58.9 (ND: 5.6) | 100/71 | - | ||
| * [37] | CRC | 55 | 60 (ND) | 26/29 | I/II (23), III/IV (32) | CN |
| (MET) | Control | 40 | 59 (ND) | 19/21 | - | |
| EC | 18 | 61 (ND) | 8/10 | - | ||
| [38] | CRC | 26 | 65.3 (R: 33–88) | 12/24 | 0 (0), I (3), II (6), III (10), IV (7) | TW |
| (MET) | Control | 45 | ND | - | - | |
| LC | 27 | 60.8 (R: 42–81) | 16/11 | - | ||
| GC | 15 | 67.1 (R: 50–82) | 12/3 | - | ||
| BC | 36 | ND | - | - | ||
| [39] | CRC | 10 | 51.5 (SD: 6.6) | 5/5 | ND | CN |
| (MET) | Control | 10 | 48.7 (SD: 6.43) | 5/5 | - | |
| LC | 10 | 52.5 (SD: 7.47) | 5/5 | - | ||
| NpC | 10 | 49.3 (SD: 9.09) | 5/5 | - | ||
| * [29] | CRC | 30 | ND (R: 45–83) | 16/14 | ND | PT |
| (VOL) | Control | 30 | ND (R: 18–78) | 14/16 | - | |
| BC | 30 | ND (R: 38–83) | 0/30 | - | ||
| [40] | CRC | 8 | ND | - | ND | ND |
| (VOL) | Control | 35 | ND | - | - | |
| LC | 14 | ND | - | - | ||
| EC | 12 | ND | - | - | ||
| GC | 12 | ND | - | - | ||
| [41] | CRC | 11 | 62 (SD: 12.4 R: 49–78) | 8/3 | ND | PT |
| (VOL) | Control | 21 | 62 (SD: 10.3 R: 28–60) | 18/3 | - | |
| LeukC | 14 | 50.1 (SD: 12.4 R: 40–74) | 6/8 | - | ||
| LyC | 7 | 42 (SD: 19.1 R: 18–68) | 6/1 | - | ||
| [30] | CRC | 39 | 70 (ND) | 28/11 | ND | UK |
| (VOL) | Control | 18 | 41 (ND) | 13/5 | - | |
| IBS | 35 | 48 (ND) | 4/31 | - | ||
| [42] | CRC | 52 | 63 (R: 26–87) | 27/25 | A (5), B (22), C (18), D (7) | CN |
| (MET) | Control | 62 | 59 (R: 24–78) | 33/29 | - | |
| [22] | CRC non-relapse | 20 | ND | - | ND | |
| (MET) | CRC relapse | 20 | ND | - | ND | |
| * [43] | CRC | 60 | 58.8 (ND) | 34/26 | 0 (0), I (7), II (23), III (21), IV (9) | CN |
| (MET) | Control | 63 | 55.5 (ND) | 32/31 | - | |
| * [44] | CRC pre-S | 97 | 64.8 (SD: 12.9) | 59/38 | 0 (5), I (12), II (40), III (22), IV (18) | DE |
| (MET) | CRC post-S | 12 | 63.9 (SD: 12.5) | 10/2 | 0 (0), I (4), II (4), III (2), IV (2) | |
| CRC (6 m) | 52 | 60.1 (SD: 11) | 38/14 | 0 (0), I (12), II (17), III (15), IV (8) | ||
| CRC (12 m) | 38 | 61.5 (SD: 11.6) | 24/14 | 0 (0), I (7), II (13), III (14), IV (4) | ||
| [45] | CRC | 24 | 65.03 (SD: 10.43) | 13/11 | A (1), B (1), C (12), D (0) | CN |
| (MET) | Control | 80 | 64 (SD: 9.87) | 43/37 | - | |
| [26] | Adenoma | 15 | 66 (ND) | 8/7 | - | PL |
| (MET) | CRC | 72 | 54 (ND) | 31/41 | ND | |
| Control | 56 | 65 (ND) | 32/24 | - | ||
| [46] | CRC-Malignant | 94 | ND | - | ND | CN |
| (MET) | Control | 34 | ND | - | - | |
| [47] | Adenoma | 10 | ND | - | - | CN |
| (MET) | CRC | 52 | 60 (R: 26–87) | 29/23 | A (7), B (23), C (15), D (7) | |
| Control | 60 | 52 (R: 21–71) | 31/39 | - | ||
| [48] | Adenoma | 80 | 67 (ND)ǂ | 93/70ǂ | - | UK |
| (VOL) | CRC | 12 | ND | |||
| Control | 83 | - | ||||
| Other (DD, Hemorrhoids, etc.) | 33 | - | ||||
| [49] | Adenoma | 94 | 68 (R: 29–89) ǂ | 286/276 ǂ | - | UK |
| (VOL) | High risk adenoma | 27 | - | |||
| CRC | 35 | ND | ||||
| Control | 233 | - | ||||
| Others (DD, IBD, MC, etc.,) | 173 | - | ||||
| [23] | Adenoma | 155 | 59.9 (SD: 7.4) | 95/60 | ND | CA |
| (MET) | Control | 530 | 56.1 (SD: 8.2) | 222/308 | - | |
| [27] | Adenoma | 345 | 65.1 (SEM: 6.6) | 197/148 | ND | CN |
| (MET) | Control | 316 | 61.8 (SEM: 7.4) | 82/234 | - | |
| * [50] | Adenoma | 243 | 59.5 (SEM: 0.67) | 145/98 | ND | CA |
| (MET) | Control | 633 | 55.8 (SEM: 0.47) | 269/364 | - |
ND not disclosed, R range, SD standard deviation, SE/SEM standard error (of the mean), EC esophageal cancer, LC lung cancer, GC gastric cancer, BrC breast cancer, BC bowel cancer, NpC nasopharyngeal cancer, LeukC leukemia cancer, LyC lymphoma cancer, IBS irritable bowel syndrome, S surgery, m month, DD diverticular disease, IBD inflammatory bowel disease, MC microscopic colitis, CAD Canadian recruitment, MSKCC Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (New York) recruitment, UK United Kingdom, CN China, KR South Korea, JP Japan, CA Canada, US United States, TW Taiwan, PT Portugal, DE Germany, PL Poland. ǂ Total of participants data. Cancer stages follow either T-stage (0, I, II, III, IV) or Dukes’ stage (A, B, C, D).